Operating Systems and Business Processes Chapter 2 Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of an Information System (IS)?

  • To regulate the flow of cybernetic systems
  • To collect, process, store, analyze, and disseminate information for a specific purpose (correct)
  • To manage battlefield situations
  • To capture and assemble elements that enter the system to be processed

    • What does a cybernetic system add to the traditional system model?

  • Self-regulating system
  • Feedback and control (correct)
  • Transformation process
  • Capturing and assembling elements for processing

    • Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a system?

  • Interrelated components working together
  • Regulating the flow of information (correct)
  • Accepting inputs and producing outputs
  • Having clearly defined boundaries

    • What is the role of input in a system?

    <p>Capturing and assembling elements that enter the system to be processed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a system, what is the transformation process responsible for?

    <p>Converting input into output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three key components of all systems?

    <p>Input, processing, output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of machine learning involves training a system with input data and expected output results?

    <p>Supervised Learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification problem involves classifying data into two class labels?

    <p>Binary Classification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of machine learning searches for previously undetected patterns with no pre-existing labels and minimal human supervision?

    <p>Unsupervised Learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of machine learning does the system learn to achieve a goal in an uncertain and complex environment?

    <p>Reinforcement Learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the subset of machine learning in which artificial neural networks learn from large amounts of data?

    <p>Deep Learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neural network is designed to access previous data and is used in applications where the decision must be based on previous output?

    <p>Recurrent Neural Network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Computer Vision refer to in the context of information systems?

    <p>Identifying objects, scenes, and activities in images</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Natural Language Processing refer to in the context of information systems?

    <p>Working with text the way humans do</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of Speech Recognition in the context of information systems?

    <p>Automatically transcribing human speech</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Chatbot in the context of information systems?

    <p>A computer program that simulates human conversation by voice or text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'feedback' refer to in the context of a system?

    <p>Monitoring system performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) in a computer system?

    <p>Performing actual computation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinguishing characteristic of a supercomputer?

    <p>Massive numeric computations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of hardware is responsible for temporarily storing data frequently used by the CPU?

    <p>Cache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the operating system in a computer?

    <p>Supervising the overall operation of the computer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does open-source software offer that proprietary software does not?

    <p>Availability of source code to developers and users</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of memory is located on the motherboard as close to the CPU as possible?

    <p>Registers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of ergonomics in the context of human factors engineering?

    <p>Designing healthy work environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of source-data automation in input technologies?

    <p>Automating data entry for efficient processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes secondary memory (storage) from primary memory in a computer system?

    <p>Non-volatile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to data that are raw, unprocessed facts and have no meaning?

    <p>Data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an organized combination of hardware, software, database, network, and procedures create?

    <p>An Information System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the part of the operating system that allows users to communicate with it?

    <p>User Interface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Efficiency in business processes focus on?

    <p>Doing things with minimum resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of Business Process Re-engineering?

    <p>Radical redesign to increase productivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Control phase in Business Process Improvement?

    <p>Monitor the improved process and ensure stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Strategic Information System use IT for in an organization?

    <p>Gain a competitive advantage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of Cost Leadership business-level strategy?

    <p>Outperforming competitors at the lowest cost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difficulty in managing data mentioned in the text?

    <p>Data redundancy and inconsistency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a cybernetic system?

    <p>To self-monitor and self-regulate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of input in a system?

    <p>Capturing and assembling elements that enter the system to be processed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes secondary memory (storage) from primary memory in a computer system?

    <p>Secondary memory retains data even when the power is turned off</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of Speech Recognition in the context of information systems?

    <p>Transforming input into output through audio processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Porter's Competitive Forces Model, what creates industry rivalry?

    <p>The threat of new entrants into the industry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Efficiency in business processes focus on?

    <p>Reducing waste and maximizing resource utilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of machine learning involves training a system with input data and expected output results?

    <p>Supervised Learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of hardware is responsible for temporarily storing data frequently used by the CPU?

    <p>Random Access Memory (RAM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Computer Vision refer to in the context of information systems?

    <p>The ability to identify objects, scenes, and activities in images</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of machine learning does the system learn to achieve a goal in an uncertain and complex environment?

    <p>Reinforcement Learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the subset of machine learning in which artificial neural networks learn from large amounts of data?

    <p>Deep Learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinguishing characteristic of a supercomputer?

    <p>High-speed processing capabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) in a computer system?

    <p>Interpreting and executing instructions from software programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of Speech Recognition in the context of information systems?

    <p>Automatically and accurately transcribing human speech</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Natural Language Processing refer to in the context of information systems?

    <p>The ability to work with text the way humans do</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of memory is located on the motherboard as close to the CPU as possible?

    <p>Random Access Memory (RAM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an organized combination of hardware, software, database, network, and procedures create?

    <p>An information system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) in a computer system?

    <p>To perform the actual computation inside the computer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes secondary memory (storage) from primary memory in a computer system?

    <p>Secondary memory is non-volatile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of hardware is responsible for temporarily storing data frequently used by the CPU?

    <p>Cache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of source-data automation in input technologies?

    <p>To automate the process of entering source data into the system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of software manages the computer's operations and acts as an intermediary between hardware and application programs?

    <p>Systems Software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does open-source software offer that proprietary software does not?

    <p>Availability of source code at no cost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Ergonomics' or 'Human Factors Engineering' primarily aims to design work environments that are:

    <p>Healthy, safe, comfortable, and pleasant to work in</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Equifinality', as related to systems, refers to:

    <p>&quot;A given end state can be reached by many means&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe a highly powerful computing system designed for scientific, engineering, and business applications?

    <p>Supercomputers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of memory temporarily stores data frequently used by the CPU?

    <p>Cache Memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of supercomputers?

    <p>Complex computational tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of Business Process Re-engineering?

    <p>To radically redesign business processes to increase productivity and profitability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) in a computer system?

    <p>To transform input into output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of hardware is responsible for temporarily storing data frequently used by the CPU?

    <p>Random Access Memory (RAM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Computer Vision refer to in the context of information systems?

    <p>Understanding and interpreting visual information from images or videos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Efficiency in business processes focus on?

    <p>Doing things with minimum resources without delay or wasting money</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Equifinality', as related to systems, refers to:

    <p>The ability to achieve the same goals through different means or paths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of source-data automation in input technologies?

    <p>To automatically capture and enter data into computer systems from sources such as documents or forms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Ergonomics' or 'Human Factors Engineering' primarily aims to design work environments that are:

    <p>Comfortable, efficient, and safe for human use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Strategic Information Architecture' is:

    <p>The collection of Strategic IS that support the competitive strategies of a firm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Feedback', in the context of a system, refers to:

    <p>Information about the system's output that can be used to make adjustments to the system's input or processing activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of memory temporarily stores data frequently used by the CPU?

    <p>Random Access Memory (RAM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Natural Language Processing refer to in the context of information systems?

    <p>The manipulation and analysis of natural language text or speech by software</p> Signup and view all the answers

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