75 Questions
What is the main purpose of an Information System (IS)?
To collect, process, store, analyze, and disseminate information for a specific purpose
What does a cybernetic system add to the traditional system model?
Feedback and control
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a system?
Regulating the flow of information
What is the role of input in a system?
Capturing and assembling elements that enter the system to be processed
In a system, what is the transformation process responsible for?
Converting input into output
What are the three key components of all systems?
Input, processing, output
What type of machine learning involves training a system with input data and expected output results?
Supervised Learning
Which classification problem involves classifying data into two class labels?
Binary Classification
What type of machine learning searches for previously undetected patterns with no pre-existing labels and minimal human supervision?
Unsupervised Learning
In which type of machine learning does the system learn to achieve a goal in an uncertain and complex environment?
Reinforcement Learning
What is the subset of machine learning in which artificial neural networks learn from large amounts of data?
Deep Learning
Which neural network is designed to access previous data and is used in applications where the decision must be based on previous output?
Recurrent Neural Network
What does Computer Vision refer to in the context of information systems?
Identifying objects, scenes, and activities in images
What does Natural Language Processing refer to in the context of information systems?
Working with text the way humans do
What is the focus of Speech Recognition in the context of information systems?
Automatically transcribing human speech
What is a Chatbot in the context of information systems?
A computer program that simulates human conversation by voice or text
What does the term 'feedback' refer to in the context of a system?
Monitoring system performance
What is the primary function of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) in a computer system?
Performing actual computation
What is the distinguishing characteristic of a supercomputer?
Massive numeric computations
Which component of hardware is responsible for temporarily storing data frequently used by the CPU?
Cache
What is the primary role of the operating system in a computer?
Supervising the overall operation of the computer
What does open-source software offer that proprietary software does not?
Availability of source code to developers and users
Which type of memory is located on the motherboard as close to the CPU as possible?
Registers
What is the goal of ergonomics in the context of human factors engineering?
Designing healthy work environments
What is the function of source-data automation in input technologies?
Automating data entry for efficient processing
What distinguishes secondary memory (storage) from primary memory in a computer system?
Non-volatile
What term refers to data that are raw, unprocessed facts and have no meaning?
Data
What does an organized combination of hardware, software, database, network, and procedures create?
An Information System
What is the part of the operating system that allows users to communicate with it?
User Interface
What does Efficiency in business processes focus on?
Doing things with minimum resources
What is the primary goal of Business Process Re-engineering?
Radical redesign to increase productivity
What is the purpose of Control phase in Business Process Improvement?
Monitor the improved process and ensure stability
What does Strategic Information System use IT for in an organization?
Gain a competitive advantage
What is the main focus of Cost Leadership business-level strategy?
Outperforming competitors at the lowest cost
What is a key difficulty in managing data mentioned in the text?
Data redundancy and inconsistency
What is the primary function of a cybernetic system?
To self-monitor and self-regulate
Which of the following best describes the role of input in a system?
Capturing and assembling elements that enter the system to be processed
What distinguishes secondary memory (storage) from primary memory in a computer system?
Secondary memory retains data even when the power is turned off
What is the focus of Speech Recognition in the context of information systems?
Transforming input into output through audio processing
According to Porter's Competitive Forces Model, what creates industry rivalry?
The threat of new entrants into the industry
What does Efficiency in business processes focus on?
Reducing waste and maximizing resource utilization
What type of machine learning involves training a system with input data and expected output results?
Supervised Learning
Which component of hardware is responsible for temporarily storing data frequently used by the CPU?
Random Access Memory (RAM)
What does Computer Vision refer to in the context of information systems?
The ability to identify objects, scenes, and activities in images
In which type of machine learning does the system learn to achieve a goal in an uncertain and complex environment?
Reinforcement Learning
What is the subset of machine learning in which artificial neural networks learn from large amounts of data?
Deep Learning
What is the distinguishing characteristic of a supercomputer?
High-speed processing capabilities
What is the primary function of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) in a computer system?
Interpreting and executing instructions from software programs
What is the focus of Speech Recognition in the context of information systems?
Automatically and accurately transcribing human speech
What does Natural Language Processing refer to in the context of information systems?
The ability to work with text the way humans do
What type of memory is located on the motherboard as close to the CPU as possible?
Random Access Memory (RAM)
What does an organized combination of hardware, software, database, network, and procedures create?
An information system
What is the primary purpose of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) in a computer system?
To perform the actual computation inside the computer
What distinguishes secondary memory (storage) from primary memory in a computer system?
Secondary memory is non-volatile
Which component of hardware is responsible for temporarily storing data frequently used by the CPU?
Cache
What is the role of source-data automation in input technologies?
To automate the process of entering source data into the system
Which category of software manages the computer's operations and acts as an intermediary between hardware and application programs?
Systems Software
What does open-source software offer that proprietary software does not?
Availability of source code at no cost
'Ergonomics' or 'Human Factors Engineering' primarily aims to design work environments that are:
Healthy, safe, comfortable, and pleasant to work in
'Equifinality', as related to systems, refers to:
"A given end state can be reached by many means"
What is the term used to describe a highly powerful computing system designed for scientific, engineering, and business applications?
Supercomputers
Which type of memory temporarily stores data frequently used by the CPU?
Cache Memory
What is the main goal of supercomputers?
Complex computational tasks
What is the primary goal of Business Process Re-engineering?
To radically redesign business processes to increase productivity and profitability
What is the primary function of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) in a computer system?
To transform input into output
Which component of hardware is responsible for temporarily storing data frequently used by the CPU?
Random Access Memory (RAM)
What does Computer Vision refer to in the context of information systems?
Understanding and interpreting visual information from images or videos
What does Efficiency in business processes focus on?
Doing things with minimum resources without delay or wasting money
'Equifinality', as related to systems, refers to:
The ability to achieve the same goals through different means or paths
What is the role of source-data automation in input technologies?
To automatically capture and enter data into computer systems from sources such as documents or forms
'Ergonomics' or 'Human Factors Engineering' primarily aims to design work environments that are:
Comfortable, efficient, and safe for human use
'Strategic Information Architecture' is:
The collection of Strategic IS that support the competitive strategies of a firm
'Feedback', in the context of a system, refers to:
Information about the system's output that can be used to make adjustments to the system's input or processing activities
What type of memory temporarily stores data frequently used by the CPU?
Random Access Memory (RAM)
What does Natural Language Processing refer to in the context of information systems?
The manipulation and analysis of natural language text or speech by software
Test your knowledge of operating systems and business processes with this quiz focused on user interfaces, efficiency, effectiveness, and cross-functional business processes.
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