Operating Systems User Interface and Business Processes Chapter 2 Quiz
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Operating Systems User Interface and Business Processes Chapter 2 Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What does Information Technology (IT) refer to?

  • Technological advancements unrelated to information processing
  • Methods for organizing physical documents
  • Tools for working with information and supporting an organization's information and information-processing tools (correct)
  • Hardware components like computers and servers

    • What does an Information System (IS) do?

  • Manages the physical infrastructure of an organization
  • Monitors the performance of computer hardware
  • Collects, processes, stores, analyzes, and disseminates information for a specific purpose (correct)
  • Provides technical support for an organization's employees

    • According to the text, what is a system?

  • An isolated component without any connections
  • A set of interrelated components that work together to achieve a common set of objectives (correct)
  • A single tool used for processing information
  • A network of unrelated elements

    • What is the function of system input?

    <p>Capturing and assembling elements that enter the system to be processed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a cybernetic system from other systems?

    <p>It is a self-monitoring, self-regulating system that adds feedback and control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the essential components of all systems mentioned in the text?

    <p>Input, processing, and output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of business process improvement involves a radical redesign to increase productivity and profitability?

    <p>Business Process Re-engineering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of efficiency in business processes?

    <p>Doing things with minimum resources and without delay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of Strategic Information Systems?

    <p>Gain a competitive advantage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Porter's Competitive Forces Model, what contributes to industry rivalry?

    <p>Bargaining Power of Suppliers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Master Data Management?

    <p>To govern the data involving all organizational business processes and applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a Database Management System (DBMS) do?

    <p>Create and manage a database</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristics of Big Data?

    <p>Volume, velocity, variety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Field' in the context of a database refers to:

    <p>Cell in a table</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Database' is best defined as:

    <p>[Collection of related files/tables]</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of Machine Learning?

    <p>To automatically learn and improve from experience without being explicitly programmed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of business process improvement involves an incremental approach to move an organization toward business process-centered operations?

    <p>Business Process Improvement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of machine learning involves training a system with input data and expected output results, then testing with unlabelled data to ensure accuracy?

    <p>Supervised Learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)?

    <p>To separate real data from synthetic data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)?

    <p>To extract features from image inputs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of machine learning, what does 'imbalanced classification' refer to?

    <p>Unequally distributed class labels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes deep learning from other types of machine learning?

    <p>Learning from large amounts of data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a Simple Linear Regression in supervised machine learning?

    <p>Using a single independent variable to predict the dependent variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in machine learning?

    <p>Simulating the way the human brain works</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In traditional programming, what is provided to the system to perform a specific task?

    <p>Algorithm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Binary Classification' in machine learning refers to:

    <p>Classification problems with only two class labels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs)' are primarily used for:

    <p>Accessing previous data to make decisions based on past outputs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of feedback in a system?

    <p>To adjust/control performance based on performance feedback</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic of an open cybernetic system involves specialized functions performed by its units?

    <p>Differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of ergonomics (Human Factors Engineering)?

    <p>To design healthy work environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the control unit in a Central Processing Unit (CPU)?

    <p>To manage the computer's operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of memory is part of the CPU and has the least capacity but is the fastest?

    <p>Registers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of systems software in a computer?

    <p>Acts as an intermediary between computer hardware and applications programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes proprietary software from open-source software?

    <p>Proprietary software has restrictions on use, copying, and modifications, whereas open-source software does not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes supercomputers from mainframe computers?

    <p>Supercomputers are designed for massive numeric computations, while mainframe computers handle complex transactions and computations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of an information system accepts data, processes it, and displays the information?

    <p>Hardware</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of differentiating units within a system?

    <p>To perform specialized functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of secondary memory (storage) in a computer?

    <p>To store much larger amounts of data outside the CPU</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'equifinality' imply in the context of a system?

    <p>A given end state can be reached by many means</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a cybernetic system?

    <p>Self-monitoring and self-regulating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of information systems, what does system input involve?

    <p>Capturing and assembling elements to be processed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a cybernetic system from other systems?

    <p>Self-monitoring and self-regulating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the control unit in a Central Processing Unit (CPU)?

    <p>Directing the operation of the other units in the CPU</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the essential components of all systems mentioned in the text?

    <p>Input, processing, and output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'cybernetic system' specifically add to a system's characteristics?

    <p>Self-monitoring and self-regulating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) from other neural networks?

    <p>GAN has two neural networks that compete with each other in a zero-sum game</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Computer Vision?

    <p>To identify objects, scenes, and activities in images</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Semi-Supervised Learning from other types of machine learning?

    <p>It combines a small amount of labeled data with a large amount of unlabelled data during training</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in machine learning?

    <p>To learn from large amounts of data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of Reinforcement Learning in machine learning?

    <p>To learn to achieve a goal in an uncertain, and complex environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) from other neural networks?

    <p>It is designed to separate areas of image inputs by extracting features to identify edges, curves, and color density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Natural Language Processing' refers to the ability of Information Systems to:

    <p>Work with text the way humans do</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Artificial Neural Networks' are primarily used for:

    <p>Learning from large amounts of data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Unsupervised Learning from other types of machine learning?

    <p>It searches for previously undetected patterns with minimal human supervision and no pre-existing labels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of Computer Vision?

    <p>To identify objects, scenes, and activities in images</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of Business Process Re-engineering?

    <p>To radically redesign business processes to increase productivity and profitability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Data Silo' refer to?

    <p>The situation where data is stored in isolated or segregated systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Machine Learning from traditional programming?

    <p>Machine learning systems can automatically learn and improve from experience without being explicitly programmed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key characteristic of a Data Warehouse?

    <p>A central repository that stores all data of an organization regardless of source and structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Knowledge Management (KM) System?

    <p>To manage organizational learning and know-how</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Big Data' refer to?

    <p>Data that increases exponentially with time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Strong AI from Weak AI?

    <p>Strong AI performs functions that once required human intelligence, while Weak AI matches or exceeds human intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key characteristic of a Database Management System (DBMS)?

    <p>A set of tools to create and manage a database</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Porter's Competitive Forces Model, what contributes to industry rivalry?

    <p>Bargaining Power of Suppliers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic of Big Data relates to the rate at which data flows into an organization?

    <p>Velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Explicit Knowledge' refer to?

    <p>Documents and written down material such as reports, policies, procedures, and manuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the control unit in a Central Processing Unit (CPU)?

    <p>It manages the computer's operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of ergonomics (Human Factors Engineering)?

    <p>To design healthy work environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes supercomputers from mainframe computers?

    <p>They are designed for massive numeric computations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of secondary memory (storage) in a computer?

    <p>Stores much larger amounts of data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in machine learning?

    <p>Handle complex computations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of Master Data Management?

    <p>To ensure consistency and accuracy of data across an organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Information Technology (IT) refer to?

    <p>An organized combination of hardware, software, database, network, procedures, and people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Database' is best defined as:

    <p>A collection of related files or tables containing data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Field' in the context of a database refers to:

    <p>A specific piece of information within a database record, such as a person's age or address</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic of an open cybernetic system involves specialized functions performed by its units?

    <p>Differentiation Units perform specialized functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In traditional programming, what is provided to the system to perform a specific task?

    <p>A set of instructions about how to combine hardware and software to process information</p> Signup and view all the answers

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