Operating Systems User Interface and Business Processes Chapter 2 Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What does Information Technology (IT) refer to?

  • Technological advancements unrelated to information processing
  • Methods for organizing physical documents
  • Tools for working with information and supporting an organization's information and information-processing tools (correct)
  • Hardware components like computers and servers

What does an Information System (IS) do?

  • Manages the physical infrastructure of an organization
  • Monitors the performance of computer hardware
  • Collects, processes, stores, analyzes, and disseminates information for a specific purpose (correct)
  • Provides technical support for an organization's employees

According to the text, what is a system?

  • An isolated component without any connections
  • A set of interrelated components that work together to achieve a common set of objectives (correct)
  • A single tool used for processing information
  • A network of unrelated elements

What is the function of system input?

<p>Capturing and assembling elements that enter the system to be processed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a cybernetic system from other systems?

<p>It is a self-monitoring, self-regulating system that adds feedback and control (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the essential components of all systems mentioned in the text?

<p>Input, processing, and output (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of business process improvement involves a radical redesign to increase productivity and profitability?

<p>Business Process Re-engineering (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of efficiency in business processes?

<p>Doing things with minimum resources and without delay (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of Strategic Information Systems?

<p>Gain a competitive advantage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Porter's Competitive Forces Model, what contributes to industry rivalry?

<p>Bargaining Power of Suppliers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Master Data Management?

<p>To govern the data involving all organizational business processes and applications (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a Database Management System (DBMS) do?

<p>Create and manage a database (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of Big Data?

<p>Volume, velocity, variety (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Field' in the context of a database refers to:

<p>Cell in a table (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Database' is best defined as:

<p>[Collection of related files/tables] (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of Machine Learning?

<p>To automatically learn and improve from experience without being explicitly programmed. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of business process improvement involves an incremental approach to move an organization toward business process-centered operations?

<p>Business Process Improvement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of machine learning involves training a system with input data and expected output results, then testing with unlabelled data to ensure accuracy?

<p>Supervised Learning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)?

<p>To separate real data from synthetic data (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)?

<p>To extract features from image inputs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of machine learning, what does 'imbalanced classification' refer to?

<p>Unequally distributed class labels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes deep learning from other types of machine learning?

<p>Learning from large amounts of data (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a Simple Linear Regression in supervised machine learning?

<p>Using a single independent variable to predict the dependent variable (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in machine learning?

<p>Simulating the way the human brain works (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In traditional programming, what is provided to the system to perform a specific task?

<p>Algorithm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Binary Classification' in machine learning refers to:

<p>Classification problems with only two class labels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs)' are primarily used for:

<p>Accessing previous data to make decisions based on past outputs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of feedback in a system?

<p>To adjust/control performance based on performance feedback (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of an open cybernetic system involves specialized functions performed by its units?

<p>Differentiation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of ergonomics (Human Factors Engineering)?

<p>To design healthy work environments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the control unit in a Central Processing Unit (CPU)?

<p>To manage the computer's operations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of memory is part of the CPU and has the least capacity but is the fastest?

<p>Registers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of systems software in a computer?

<p>Acts as an intermediary between computer hardware and applications programs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes proprietary software from open-source software?

<p>Proprietary software has restrictions on use, copying, and modifications, whereas open-source software does not. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes supercomputers from mainframe computers?

<p>Supercomputers are designed for massive numeric computations, while mainframe computers handle complex transactions and computations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of an information system accepts data, processes it, and displays the information?

<p>Hardware (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of differentiating units within a system?

<p>To perform specialized functions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of secondary memory (storage) in a computer?

<p>To store much larger amounts of data outside the CPU (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'equifinality' imply in the context of a system?

<p>A given end state can be reached by many means (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a cybernetic system?

<p>Self-monitoring and self-regulating (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of information systems, what does system input involve?

<p>Capturing and assembling elements to be processed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a cybernetic system from other systems?

<p>Self-monitoring and self-regulating (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the control unit in a Central Processing Unit (CPU)?

<p>Directing the operation of the other units in the CPU (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the essential components of all systems mentioned in the text?

<p>Input, processing, and output (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'cybernetic system' specifically add to a system's characteristics?

<p>Self-monitoring and self-regulating (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) from other neural networks?

<p>GAN has two neural networks that compete with each other in a zero-sum game (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Computer Vision?

<p>To identify objects, scenes, and activities in images (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Semi-Supervised Learning from other types of machine learning?

<p>It combines a small amount of labeled data with a large amount of unlabelled data during training (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in machine learning?

<p>To learn from large amounts of data (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of Reinforcement Learning in machine learning?

<p>To learn to achieve a goal in an uncertain, and complex environment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) from other neural networks?

<p>It is designed to separate areas of image inputs by extracting features to identify edges, curves, and color density (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Natural Language Processing' refers to the ability of Information Systems to:

<p>Work with text the way humans do (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Artificial Neural Networks' are primarily used for:

<p>Learning from large amounts of data (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Unsupervised Learning from other types of machine learning?

<p>It searches for previously undetected patterns with minimal human supervision and no pre-existing labels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Computer Vision?

<p>To identify objects, scenes, and activities in images (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of Business Process Re-engineering?

<p>To radically redesign business processes to increase productivity and profitability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Data Silo' refer to?

<p>The situation where data is stored in isolated or segregated systems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Machine Learning from traditional programming?

<p>Machine learning systems can automatically learn and improve from experience without being explicitly programmed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key characteristic of a Data Warehouse?

<p>A central repository that stores all data of an organization regardless of source and structure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Knowledge Management (KM) System?

<p>To manage organizational learning and know-how (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Big Data' refer to?

<p>Data that increases exponentially with time (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Strong AI from Weak AI?

<p>Strong AI performs functions that once required human intelligence, while Weak AI matches or exceeds human intelligence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key characteristic of a Database Management System (DBMS)?

<p>A set of tools to create and manage a database (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Porter's Competitive Forces Model, what contributes to industry rivalry?

<p>Bargaining Power of Suppliers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of Big Data relates to the rate at which data flows into an organization?

<p>Velocity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Explicit Knowledge' refer to?

<p>Documents and written down material such as reports, policies, procedures, and manuals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the control unit in a Central Processing Unit (CPU)?

<p>It manages the computer's operations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of ergonomics (Human Factors Engineering)?

<p>To design healthy work environments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes supercomputers from mainframe computers?

<p>They are designed for massive numeric computations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of secondary memory (storage) in a computer?

<p>Stores much larger amounts of data (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in machine learning?

<p>Handle complex computations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of Master Data Management?

<p>To ensure consistency and accuracy of data across an organization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Information Technology (IT) refer to?

<p>An organized combination of hardware, software, database, network, procedures, and people (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Database' is best defined as:

<p>A collection of related files or tables containing data (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Field' in the context of a database refers to:

<p>A specific piece of information within a database record, such as a person's age or address (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of an open cybernetic system involves specialized functions performed by its units?

<p>Differentiation Units perform specialized functions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In traditional programming, what is provided to the system to perform a specific task?

<p>A set of instructions about how to combine hardware and software to process information (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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