Operating Systems User Interface and Business Processes Chapter 2 Quiz

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What does Information Technology (IT) refer to?

Technological advancements unrelated to information processing

Methods for organizing physical documents

Tools for working with information and supporting an organization's information and information-processing tools (correct)

Hardware components like computers and servers

What does an Information System (IS) do?

Manages the physical infrastructure of an organization

Monitors the performance of computer hardware

Collects, processes, stores, analyzes, and disseminates information for a specific purpose (correct)

Provides technical support for an organization's employees

According to the text, what is a system?

An isolated component without any connections

A set of interrelated components that work together to achieve a common set of objectives (correct)

A single tool used for processing information

A network of unrelated elements

What is the function of system input?

Capturing and assembling elements that enter the system to be processed Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a cybernetic system from other systems?

It is a self-monitoring, self-regulating system that adds feedback and control Signup and view all the answers

What are the essential components of all systems mentioned in the text?

Input, processing, and output Signup and view all the answers

Which type of business process improvement involves a radical redesign to increase productivity and profitability?

Business Process Re-engineering Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of efficiency in business processes?

Doing things with minimum resources and without delay Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of Strategic Information Systems?

Gain a competitive advantage Signup and view all the answers

According to Porter's Competitive Forces Model, what contributes to industry rivalry?

Bargaining Power of Suppliers Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Master Data Management?

To govern the data involving all organizational business processes and applications Signup and view all the answers

What does a Database Management System (DBMS) do?

Create and manage a database Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of Big Data?

Volume, velocity, variety Signup and view all the answers

'Field' in the context of a database refers to:

Cell in a table Signup and view all the answers

'Database' is best defined as:

[Collection of related files/tables] Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of Machine Learning?

To automatically learn and improve from experience without being explicitly programmed. Signup and view all the answers

What type of business process improvement involves an incremental approach to move an organization toward business process-centered operations?

Business Process Improvement Signup and view all the answers

Which type of machine learning involves training a system with input data and expected output results, then testing with unlabelled data to ensure accuracy?

Supervised Learning Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)?

To separate real data from synthetic data Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)?

To extract features from image inputs Signup and view all the answers

In the context of machine learning, what does 'imbalanced classification' refer to?

Unequally distributed class labels Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes deep learning from other types of machine learning?

Learning from large amounts of data Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a Simple Linear Regression in supervised machine learning?

Using a single independent variable to predict the dependent variable Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in machine learning?

Simulating the way the human brain works Signup and view all the answers

In traditional programming, what is provided to the system to perform a specific task?

Algorithm Signup and view all the answers

'Binary Classification' in machine learning refers to:

Classification problems with only two class labels Signup and view all the answers

'Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs)' are primarily used for:

Accessing previous data to make decisions based on past outputs. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of feedback in a system?

To adjust/control performance based on performance feedback Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of an open cybernetic system involves specialized functions performed by its units?

Differentiation Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of ergonomics (Human Factors Engineering)?

To design healthy work environments Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the control unit in a Central Processing Unit (CPU)?

To manage the computer's operations Signup and view all the answers

Which type of memory is part of the CPU and has the least capacity but is the fastest?

Registers Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of systems software in a computer?

Acts as an intermediary between computer hardware and applications programs Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes proprietary software from open-source software?

Proprietary software has restrictions on use, copying, and modifications, whereas open-source software does not. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes supercomputers from mainframe computers?

Supercomputers are designed for massive numeric computations, while mainframe computers handle complex transactions and computations. Signup and view all the answers

Which component of an information system accepts data, processes it, and displays the information?

Hardware Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of differentiating units within a system?

To perform specialized functions Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of secondary memory (storage) in a computer?

To store much larger amounts of data outside the CPU Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'equifinality' imply in the context of a system?

A given end state can be reached by many means Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a cybernetic system?

Self-monitoring and self-regulating Signup and view all the answers

In the context of information systems, what does system input involve?

Capturing and assembling elements to be processed Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a cybernetic system from other systems?

Self-monitoring and self-regulating Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the control unit in a Central Processing Unit (CPU)?

Directing the operation of the other units in the CPU Signup and view all the answers

What are the essential components of all systems mentioned in the text?

Input, processing, and output Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'cybernetic system' specifically add to a system's characteristics?

Self-monitoring and self-regulating Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) from other neural networks?

GAN has two neural networks that compete with each other in a zero-sum game Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Computer Vision?

To identify objects, scenes, and activities in images Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Semi-Supervised Learning from other types of machine learning?

It combines a small amount of labeled data with a large amount of unlabelled data during training Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in machine learning?

To learn from large amounts of data Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of Reinforcement Learning in machine learning?

To learn to achieve a goal in an uncertain, and complex environment Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) from other neural networks?

It is designed to separate areas of image inputs by extracting features to identify edges, curves, and color density Signup and view all the answers

'Natural Language Processing' refers to the ability of Information Systems to:

Work with text the way humans do Signup and view all the answers

'Artificial Neural Networks' are primarily used for:

Learning from large amounts of data Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Unsupervised Learning from other types of machine learning?

It searches for previously undetected patterns with minimal human supervision and no pre-existing labels Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Computer Vision?

To identify objects, scenes, and activities in images Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of Business Process Re-engineering?

To radically redesign business processes to increase productivity and profitability Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Data Silo' refer to?

The situation where data is stored in isolated or segregated systems Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Machine Learning from traditional programming?

Machine learning systems can automatically learn and improve from experience without being explicitly programmed Signup and view all the answers

What is the key characteristic of a Data Warehouse?

A central repository that stores all data of an organization regardless of source and structure Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Knowledge Management (KM) System?

To manage organizational learning and know-how Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Big Data' refer to?

Data that increases exponentially with time Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Strong AI from Weak AI?

Strong AI performs functions that once required human intelligence, while Weak AI matches or exceeds human intelligence Signup and view all the answers

What is the key characteristic of a Database Management System (DBMS)?

A set of tools to create and manage a database Signup and view all the answers

According to Porter's Competitive Forces Model, what contributes to industry rivalry?

Bargaining Power of Suppliers Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of Big Data relates to the rate at which data flows into an organization?

Velocity Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Explicit Knowledge' refer to?

Documents and written down material such as reports, policies, procedures, and manuals Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the control unit in a Central Processing Unit (CPU)?

It manages the computer's operations Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of ergonomics (Human Factors Engineering)?

To design healthy work environments Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes supercomputers from mainframe computers?

They are designed for massive numeric computations Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of secondary memory (storage) in a computer?

Stores much larger amounts of data Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in machine learning?

Handle complex computations Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of Master Data Management?

To ensure consistency and accuracy of data across an organization Signup and view all the answers

What does Information Technology (IT) refer to?

An organized combination of hardware, software, database, network, procedures, and people Signup and view all the answers

'Database' is best defined as:

A collection of related files or tables containing data Signup and view all the answers

'Field' in the context of a database refers to:

A specific piece of information within a database record, such as a person's age or address Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of an open cybernetic system involves specialized functions performed by its units?

Differentiation Units perform specialized functions. Signup and view all the answers

In traditional programming, what is provided to the system to perform a specific task?

A set of instructions about how to combine hardware and software to process information Signup and view all the answers

Operating Systems User Interface and Business Processes Chapter 2 Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What does Information Technology (IT) refer to?

What does an Information System (IS) do?

According to the text, what is a system?

What is the function of system input?

What distinguishes a cybernetic system from other systems?

What are the essential components of all systems mentioned in the text?

Which type of business process improvement involves a radical redesign to increase productivity and profitability?

What is the primary focus of efficiency in business processes?

What is the main goal of Strategic Information Systems?

According to Porter's Competitive Forces Model, what contributes to industry rivalry?

What is the purpose of Master Data Management?

What does a Database Management System (DBMS) do?

What are the characteristics of Big Data?

'Field' in the context of a database refers to:

'Database' is best defined as:

What is the main goal of Machine Learning?

What type of business process improvement involves an incremental approach to move an organization toward business process-centered operations?

Which type of machine learning involves training a system with input data and expected output results, then testing with unlabelled data to ensure accuracy?

What is the main purpose of a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)?

What is the primary function of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)?

In the context of machine learning, what does 'imbalanced classification' refer to?

What distinguishes deep learning from other types of machine learning?

What is the characteristic of a Simple Linear Regression in supervised machine learning?

What is the main function of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in machine learning?

In traditional programming, what is provided to the system to perform a specific task?

'Binary Classification' in machine learning refers to:

'Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs)' are primarily used for:

What is the primary function of feedback in a system?

Which characteristic of an open cybernetic system involves specialized functions performed by its units?

What is the main goal of ergonomics (Human Factors Engineering)?

What is the purpose of the control unit in a Central Processing Unit (CPU)?

Which type of memory is part of the CPU and has the least capacity but is the fastest?

What is the role of systems software in a computer?

What distinguishes proprietary software from open-source software?

What distinguishes supercomputers from mainframe computers?

Which component of an information system accepts data, processes it, and displays the information?

What is the goal of differentiating units within a system?

What is the function of secondary memory (storage) in a computer?

What does the term 'equifinality' imply in the context of a system?

What is the primary function of a cybernetic system?

In the context of information systems, what does system input involve?

What distinguishes a cybernetic system from other systems?

What is the purpose of the control unit in a Central Processing Unit (CPU)?

What are the essential components of all systems mentioned in the text?

What does the term 'cybernetic system' specifically add to a system's characteristics?

What distinguishes a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) from other neural networks?

What is the primary focus of Computer Vision?

What distinguishes Semi-Supervised Learning from other types of machine learning?

What is the main purpose of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in machine learning?

What is the main goal of Reinforcement Learning in machine learning?

What distinguishes Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) from other neural networks?

'Natural Language Processing' refers to the ability of Information Systems to:

'Artificial Neural Networks' are primarily used for:

What distinguishes Unsupervised Learning from other types of machine learning?

What is the main function of Computer Vision?

What is the primary goal of Business Process Re-engineering?

What does the term 'Data Silo' refer to?

What distinguishes Machine Learning from traditional programming?

What is the key characteristic of a Data Warehouse?

What is the primary function of Knowledge Management (KM) System?

What does the term 'Big Data' refer to?

What distinguishes Strong AI from Weak AI?

What is the key characteristic of a Database Management System (DBMS)?

According to Porter's Competitive Forces Model, what contributes to industry rivalry?

Which characteristic of Big Data relates to the rate at which data flows into an organization?

What does 'Explicit Knowledge' refer to?

What is the role of the control unit in a Central Processing Unit (CPU)?

What is the main goal of ergonomics (Human Factors Engineering)?

What distinguishes supercomputers from mainframe computers?

What is the primary function of secondary memory (storage) in a computer?

What is the main function of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in machine learning?

What is the main purpose of Master Data Management?

What does Information Technology (IT) refer to?

'Database' is best defined as:

'Field' in the context of a database refers to:

Which characteristic of an open cybernetic system involves specialized functions performed by its units?