77 Questions
What does Information Technology (IT) refer to?
Tools for working with information and supporting an organization's information and information-processing tools
What does an Information System (IS) do?
Collects, processes, stores, analyzes, and disseminates information for a specific purpose
According to the text, what is a system?
A set of interrelated components that work together to achieve a common set of objectives
What is the function of system input?
Capturing and assembling elements that enter the system to be processed
What distinguishes a cybernetic system from other systems?
It is a self-monitoring, self-regulating system that adds feedback and control
What are the essential components of all systems mentioned in the text?
Input, processing, and output
Which type of business process improvement involves a radical redesign to increase productivity and profitability?
Business Process Re-engineering
What is the primary focus of efficiency in business processes?
Doing things with minimum resources and without delay
What is the main goal of Strategic Information Systems?
Gain a competitive advantage
According to Porter's Competitive Forces Model, what contributes to industry rivalry?
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
What is the purpose of Master Data Management?
To govern the data involving all organizational business processes and applications
What does a Database Management System (DBMS) do?
Create and manage a database
What are the characteristics of Big Data?
Volume, velocity, variety
'Field' in the context of a database refers to:
Cell in a table
'Database' is best defined as:
[Collection of related files/tables]
What is the main goal of Machine Learning?
To automatically learn and improve from experience without being explicitly programmed.
What type of business process improvement involves an incremental approach to move an organization toward business process-centered operations?
Business Process Improvement
Which type of machine learning involves training a system with input data and expected output results, then testing with unlabelled data to ensure accuracy?
Supervised Learning
What is the main purpose of a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)?
To separate real data from synthetic data
What is the primary function of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)?
To extract features from image inputs
In the context of machine learning, what does 'imbalanced classification' refer to?
Unequally distributed class labels
What distinguishes deep learning from other types of machine learning?
Learning from large amounts of data
What is the characteristic of a Simple Linear Regression in supervised machine learning?
Using a single independent variable to predict the dependent variable
What is the main function of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in machine learning?
Simulating the way the human brain works
In traditional programming, what is provided to the system to perform a specific task?
Algorithm
'Binary Classification' in machine learning refers to:
Classification problems with only two class labels
'Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs)' are primarily used for:
Accessing previous data to make decisions based on past outputs.
What is the primary function of feedback in a system?
To adjust/control performance based on performance feedback
Which characteristic of an open cybernetic system involves specialized functions performed by its units?
Differentiation
What is the main goal of ergonomics (Human Factors Engineering)?
To design healthy work environments
What is the purpose of the control unit in a Central Processing Unit (CPU)?
To manage the computer's operations
Which type of memory is part of the CPU and has the least capacity but is the fastest?
Registers
What is the role of systems software in a computer?
Acts as an intermediary between computer hardware and applications programs
What distinguishes proprietary software from open-source software?
Proprietary software has restrictions on use, copying, and modifications, whereas open-source software does not.
What distinguishes supercomputers from mainframe computers?
Supercomputers are designed for massive numeric computations, while mainframe computers handle complex transactions and computations.
Which component of an information system accepts data, processes it, and displays the information?
Hardware
What is the goal of differentiating units within a system?
To perform specialized functions
What is the function of secondary memory (storage) in a computer?
To store much larger amounts of data outside the CPU
What does the term 'equifinality' imply in the context of a system?
A given end state can be reached by many means
What is the primary function of a cybernetic system?
Self-monitoring and self-regulating
In the context of information systems, what does system input involve?
Capturing and assembling elements to be processed
What distinguishes a cybernetic system from other systems?
Self-monitoring and self-regulating
What is the purpose of the control unit in a Central Processing Unit (CPU)?
Directing the operation of the other units in the CPU
What are the essential components of all systems mentioned in the text?
Input, processing, and output
What does the term 'cybernetic system' specifically add to a system's characteristics?
Self-monitoring and self-regulating
What distinguishes a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) from other neural networks?
GAN has two neural networks that compete with each other in a zero-sum game
What is the primary focus of Computer Vision?
To identify objects, scenes, and activities in images
What distinguishes Semi-Supervised Learning from other types of machine learning?
It combines a small amount of labeled data with a large amount of unlabelled data during training
What is the main purpose of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in machine learning?
To learn from large amounts of data
What is the main goal of Reinforcement Learning in machine learning?
To learn to achieve a goal in an uncertain, and complex environment
What distinguishes Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) from other neural networks?
It is designed to separate areas of image inputs by extracting features to identify edges, curves, and color density
'Natural Language Processing' refers to the ability of Information Systems to:
Work with text the way humans do
'Artificial Neural Networks' are primarily used for:
Learning from large amounts of data
What distinguishes Unsupervised Learning from other types of machine learning?
It searches for previously undetected patterns with minimal human supervision and no pre-existing labels
What is the main function of Computer Vision?
To identify objects, scenes, and activities in images
What is the primary goal of Business Process Re-engineering?
To radically redesign business processes to increase productivity and profitability
What does the term 'Data Silo' refer to?
The situation where data is stored in isolated or segregated systems
What distinguishes Machine Learning from traditional programming?
Machine learning systems can automatically learn and improve from experience without being explicitly programmed
What is the key characteristic of a Data Warehouse?
A central repository that stores all data of an organization regardless of source and structure
What is the primary function of Knowledge Management (KM) System?
To manage organizational learning and know-how
What does the term 'Big Data' refer to?
Data that increases exponentially with time
What distinguishes Strong AI from Weak AI?
Strong AI performs functions that once required human intelligence, while Weak AI matches or exceeds human intelligence
What is the key characteristic of a Database Management System (DBMS)?
A set of tools to create and manage a database
According to Porter's Competitive Forces Model, what contributes to industry rivalry?
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
Which characteristic of Big Data relates to the rate at which data flows into an organization?
Velocity
What does 'Explicit Knowledge' refer to?
Documents and written down material such as reports, policies, procedures, and manuals
What is the role of the control unit in a Central Processing Unit (CPU)?
It manages the computer's operations
What is the main goal of ergonomics (Human Factors Engineering)?
To design healthy work environments
What distinguishes supercomputers from mainframe computers?
They are designed for massive numeric computations
What is the primary function of secondary memory (storage) in a computer?
Stores much larger amounts of data
What is the main function of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in machine learning?
Handle complex computations
What is the main purpose of Master Data Management?
To ensure consistency and accuracy of data across an organization
What does Information Technology (IT) refer to?
An organized combination of hardware, software, database, network, procedures, and people
'Database' is best defined as:
A collection of related files or tables containing data
'Field' in the context of a database refers to:
A specific piece of information within a database record, such as a person's age or address
Which characteristic of an open cybernetic system involves specialized functions performed by its units?
Differentiation Units perform specialized functions.
In traditional programming, what is provided to the system to perform a specific task?
A set of instructions about how to combine hardware and software to process information
Test your knowledge of operating systems user interface and business processes from Chapter 2. Explore the concepts of efficiency, effectiveness, and cross-functional business processes.
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