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Questions and Answers
Where does oedema due to renal dysfunction typically begin?
Which condition is associated with generalized oedema when left untreated?
What causes leg oedema when a person is standing?
Which area is involved in oedema when a person is lying down?
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What type of tissue is primarily affected at the initial stage of renal dysfunction-related oedema?
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What is the primary consequence of derangement in sodium and water balance?
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Which of the following conditions can lead to edema as a result of sodium and water retention?
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What mechanism primarily contributes to the development of edema in renal diseases?
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In which of the following syndromes is edema primarily a result of sodium and water retention?
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Which physiological change generally leads to the presence of edema in renal diseases?
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Study Notes
Oedema
- Gravity influences oedema location:
- Standing: legs
- Recumbent: sacrum
- Renal dysfunction or nephrotic syndrome oedema progression:
- Starts in periorbital area (around the eyes)
- Becomes generalized
- Sodium and water retention:
- Disruption of normal regulatory mechanisms leads to increased capillary hydrostatic pressure, causing oedema.
- Example: Oedema in renal diseases (e.g., nephrotic and nephritic syndrome)
- Venous obstruction can cause localized oedema
Pulmonary Oedema
- Tissue appears redder than normal due to engorgement with oxygenated blood.
- Alveoli are filled with smooth to slightly pink material, characteristic of pulmonary oedema.
- Capillaries in the alveolar walls are congested with red blood cells.
- Fluid is reabsorbed back into the vessels at the venous side but a small amount remains and is drained by lymphatics.
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Description
This quiz covers the key concepts related to oedema, particularly focusing on its location influenced by gravity, renal dysfunction, and mechanisms of sodium and water retention. Additionally, it explores the characteristics of pulmonary oedema, including tissue appearance and fluid dynamics in alveoli. Test your understanding of these significant medical conditions.
