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Questions and Answers
What characterizes acute pulmonary oedema in patients with acute heart failure?
What characterizes acute pulmonary oedema in patients with acute heart failure?
- Gradual development of interstitial oedema over weeks
- Presence of cardiogenic shock in all cases
- Consistent elevation of jugular venous pressure only
- Sudden onset of dyspnoea with or without peripheral oedema (correct)
Which of the following symptoms can indicate predominant peripheral oedema in acute heart failure?
Which of the following symptoms can indicate predominant peripheral oedema in acute heart failure?
- Consistent high blood pressure readings
- Swelling in legs, abdomen, and scrotum (correct)
- Excessive pulmonary congestion
- Improvement in respiratory function
What is the most common cause of cardiogenic shock in acute heart failure scenarios?
What is the most common cause of cardiogenic shock in acute heart failure scenarios?
- Right-sided heart failure
- Fluid overload without pulmonary involvement
- STEMI (correct)
- Chronic heart failure decompensation
Which clinical feature is least likely to be associated with acute heart failure?
Which clinical feature is least likely to be associated with acute heart failure?
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What should be prioritized for patients with an existing diagnosis of acute heart failure?
What should be prioritized for patients with an existing diagnosis of acute heart failure?
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Study Notes
Forms of Acute Heart Failure
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Acute Pulmonary Oedema:
- Characterized by sudden interstitial oedema in the lungs.
- Symptoms include severe dyspnoea; can occur suddenly or after weeks of gradual worsening.
- May or may not be accompanied by peripheral oedema.
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Predominant Peripheral Oedema:
- Involves significant fluid overload with swollen legs, abdomen, and scrotum.
- Elevated jugular venous pressure is common.
- May coexist with pulmonary oedema, along with pleural effusions.
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Cardiogenic Shock:
- Rare occurrence in 5-8% of acute heart failure cases.
- Most commonly associated with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI).
- May result from decompensation in patients with advanced chronic heart failure.
Treatment Considerations
- Patients with a pre-existing diagnosis of heart failure require immediate and effective treatment to address acute episodes.
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