Object-Oriented Programming Fundamentals
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of encapsulation in object-oriented programming?

  • To enable multilevel inheritance
  • To create a blueprint for other classes
  • To hide data and behavior from outside the class (correct)
  • To implement method overriding

    • What is the term for when a child class provides a different implementation of a method with the same signature as a parent class?

  • Method overriding (correct)
  • Method overloading
  • Polymorphism
  • Inheritance

    • What is the primary purpose of using synchronized methods and blocks in multithreading?

  • To improve thread performance
  • To enable thread communication
  • To ensure thread safety (correct)
  • To create deadlocks

    • What is the term for a separate flow of execution within a program?

    <p>Thread</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an unordered collection of unique elements?

    <p>Set</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for when two or more threads are blocked, waiting for each other to release a resource?

    <p>Deadlock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a class that can be inherited by only one child class?

    <p>Single inheritance class</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a blueprint for creating objects?

    <p>Class</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which collection interface provides a way to iterate over a collection?

    <p>Iterable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of exception must be explicitly handled or declared?

    <p>Checked exception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a finally block in exception handling?

    <p>For resource cleanup and releasing locks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which implementation of List is a linked list-based implementation?

    <p>LinkedList</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the throws clause in a method declaration?

    <p>To declare that a method may throw an exception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which collection class is a hash-based implementation of Map?

    <p>HashMap</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

    • Class and Object:
      • A class is a blueprint for creating objects.
      • An object is an instance of a class.
    • Inheritance:
      • A child class inherits properties and behavior from a parent class.
      • Single inheritance: a child class can inherit from one parent class.
      • Multilevel inheritance: a child class can inherit from a parent class that itself inherits from another parent class.
    • Polymorphism:
      • Method overriding: a child class provides a different implementation of a method with the same signature as a parent class.
      • Method overloading: multiple methods with the same name but different parameters.
    • Abstraction:
      • Abstract classes and interfaces define a blueprint for other classes to follow.
      • Abstract methods have no implementation and must be implemented by subclasses.
    • Encapsulation:
      • Data hiding: variables and methods are encapsulated within a class, making them inaccessible from outside.
      • Access modifiers (public, private, protected) control access to class members.

    Multithreading

    • Threads:
      • A thread is a separate flow of execution within a program.
      • Threads can run concurrently, improving program responsiveness and performance.
    • Thread Creation:
      • Extend the Thread class or implement the Runnable interface.
      • Use the start() method to start a thread.
    • Thread Synchronization:
      • Synchronized methods and blocks ensure thread safety by locking access to shared resources.
      • wait() and notify() methods allow threads to communicate and coordinate.
    • Deadlocks and Starvation:
      • Deadlocks: two or more threads are blocked, waiting for each other to release a resource.
      • Starvation: a thread is unable to access a resource due to other threads holding onto it.

    Collections

    • Types of Collections:
      • List: an ordered collection of elements (e.g., ArrayList, LinkedList).
      • Set: an unordered collection of unique elements (e.g., HashSet, TreeSet).
      • Map: a collection of key-value pairs (e.g., HashMap, TreeMap).
    • Collection Interfaces:
      • Iterable: provides a way to iterate over a collection.
      • Collection: provides basic operations (e.g., add, remove, contains) for a collection.
      • List, Set, and Map interfaces extend Collection and provide additional methods.
    • Common Collection Classes:
      • ArrayList: a resizable array-based implementation of List.
      • LinkedList: a linked list-based implementation of List.
      • HashMap: a hash-based implementation of Map.

    Exception Handling

    • Try-Catch Blocks:
      • try block: contains code that may throw an exception.
      • catch block: catches and handles an exception.
    • Exception Types:
      • Checked exceptions: must be explicitly handled or declared (e.g., IOException).
      • Unchecked exceptions: do not need to be explicitly handled or declared (e.g., NullPointerException).
    • Throwing and Rethrowing:
      • throw statement: throws an exception explicitly.
      • throws clause: declares that a method may throw an exception.
      • Rethrowing: re-throwing an exception from a catch block to propagate it up the call stack.
    • finally Block:
      • A finally block is executed regardless of whether an exception is thrown or not.
      • Used for resource cleanup and releasing locks.

    Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

    • A class is a blueprint for creating objects.
    • An object is an instance of a class.

    Inheritance

    • A child class inherits properties and behavior from a parent class.
    • Single inheritance: a child class can inherit from one parent class.
    • Multilevel inheritance: a child class can inherit from a parent class that itself inherits from another parent class.

    Polymorphism

    • Method overriding: a child class provides a different implementation of a method with the same signature as a parent class.
    • Method overloading: multiple methods with the same name but different parameters.

    Abstraction

    • Abstract classes and interfaces define a blueprint for other classes to follow.
    • Abstract methods have no implementation and must be implemented by subclasses.

    Encapsulation

    • Data hiding: variables and methods are encapsulated within a class, making them inaccessible from outside.
    • Access modifiers (public, private, protected) control access to class members.

    Multithreading

    • A thread is a separate flow of execution within a program.
    • Threads can run concurrently, improving program responsiveness and performance.

    Thread Creation

    • Extend the Thread class or implement the Runnable interface.
    • Use the start() method to start a thread.

    Thread Synchronization

    • Synchronized methods and blocks ensure thread safety by locking access to shared resources.
    • wait() and notify() methods allow threads to communicate and coordinate.

    Deadlocks and Starvation

    • Deadlocks: two or more threads are blocked, waiting for each other to release a resource.
    • Starvation: a thread is unable to access a resource due to other threads holding onto it.

    Collections

    • List: an ordered collection of elements (e.g., ArrayList, LinkedList).
    • Set: an unordered collection of unique elements (e.g., HashSet, TreeSet).
    • Map: a collection of key-value pairs (e.g., HashMap, TreeMap).

    Collection Interfaces

    • Iterable: provides a way to iterate over a collection.
    • Collection: provides basic operations (e.g., add, remove, contains) for a collection.
    • List, Set, and Map interfaces extend Collection and provide additional methods.

    Common Collection Classes

    • ArrayList: a resizable array-based implementation of List.
    • LinkedList: a linked list-based implementation of List.
    • HashMap: a hash-based implementation of Map.

    Exception Handling

    • try block: contains code that may throw an exception.
    • catch block: catches and handles an exception.

    Exception Types

    • Checked exceptions: must be explicitly handled or declared (e.g., IOException).
    • Unchecked exceptions: do not need to be explicitly handled or declared (e.g., NullPointerException).

    Throwing and Rethrowing

    • throw statement: throws an exception explicitly.
    • throws clause: declares that a method may throw an exception.
    • Rethrowing: re-throwing an exception from a catch block to propagate it up the call stack.

    finally Block

    • A finally block is executed regardless of whether an exception is thrown or not.
    • Used for resource cleanup and releasing locks.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the basics of Object-Oriented Programming, including classes, objects, inheritance, and polymorphism. Test your understanding of these OOP concepts.

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