Podcast
Questions and Answers
A patient with severe hyperkalemia (7.2 mEq/L) is experiencing ventricular fibrillation. What is the priority intervention?
A patient with severe hyperkalemia (7.2 mEq/L) is experiencing ventricular fibrillation. What is the priority intervention?
A patient has hypokalemia that is not responding to potassium supplementation. What additional lab value should the nurse assess?
A patient has hypokalemia that is not responding to potassium supplementation. What additional lab value should the nurse assess?
For a patient with hyponatremia caused by water intoxication, what is the best nursing intervention?
For a patient with hyponatremia caused by water intoxication, what is the best nursing intervention?
A patient with prolonged hypercalcemia is at risk for which complication?
A patient with prolonged hypercalcemia is at risk for which complication?
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What is the most important consideration when administering IV phosphate to treat severe hypophosphatemia?
What is the most important consideration when administering IV phosphate to treat severe hypophosphatemia?
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How should the nurse assess for Trousseau's sign in a patient with suspected hypocalcemia?
How should the nurse assess for Trousseau's sign in a patient with suspected hypocalcemia?
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Which symptom would the nurse expect in a patient with hypernatremia?
Which symptom would the nurse expect in a patient with hypernatremia?
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Which teaching is most appropriate for a patient with chronic kidney disease to prevent hypermagnesemia?
Which teaching is most appropriate for a patient with chronic kidney disease to prevent hypermagnesemia?
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What symptoms should the nurse monitor for in a patient with severe hypophosphatemia? (Select all that apply.)
What symptoms should the nurse monitor for in a patient with severe hypophosphatemia? (Select all that apply.)
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When administering IV potassium chloride to a patient with severe hypokalemia, which nursing action is a priority?
When administering IV potassium chloride to a patient with severe hypokalemia, which nursing action is a priority?
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Study Notes
Hyperkalemia Emergency Treatment
- Priority intervention for severe hyperkalemia (7.2 mEq/L) and ventricular fibrillation: Administer IV calcium gluconate.
- Rationale: IV calcium gluconate stabilizes cardiac membranes, crucial in life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmias.
Magnesium's Role in Hypokalemia
- If hypokalemia doesn't respond to potassium supplementation, assess serum magnesium.
- Rationale: Magnesium deficiency impairs potassium absorption and retention, making potassium supplementation less effective.
Fluid Restriction in Hyponatremia
- Best nursing intervention for hyponatremia caused by water intoxication: Restrict fluid intake.
- Rationale: Restricting fluid intake prevents further dilution of sodium levels.
Hypercalcemia Complications
- Patients with prolonged hypercalcemia are at risk for renal calculi (kidney stones).
- Rationale: Hypercalcemia increases calcium filtration in the kidneys, leading to stone formation.
IV Phosphate Administration Precaution
- Most important consideration when administering IV phosphate for severe hypophosphatemia: Monitor for symptomatic hypocalcemia.
- Rationale: Rapid phosphate administration can bind calcium and cause symptomatic hypocalcemia.
Trousseau's Sign
- Assess for Trousseau's sign in suspected hypocalcemia by inflating a blood pressure cuff above systolic pressure, observing for carpal spasm.
- Rationale: Trousseau's sign, a carpal spasm, indicates hypocalcemia.
Hypernatremia Symptoms
- Symptom expected in a patient with hypernatremia: Confusion and agitation.
- Rationale: Hypernatremia leads to cellular dehydration, especially in the brain, causing neurologic symptoms.
Hypermagnesemia Prevention
- Best teaching for a patient with chronic kidney disease to prevent hypermagnesemia: Avoid magnesium-containing medications (such as milk of magnesia).
- Rationale: Patients with impaired renal function are at risk of magnesium toxicity from these medications.
Hypophosphatemia Symptoms
- Symptoms to monitor in a patient with severe hypophosphatemia (select all that apply): CNS depression, Muscle weakness, Confusion, Dysrhythmias.
- Rationale: Severe hypophosphatemia affects cellular energy and oxygen delivery, leading to CNS depression, muscle weakness, confusion, and dysrhythmias.
Potassium Administration
- Priority nursing action when administering IV potassium chloride for severe hypokalemia: Continuously monitor the patient's ECG.
- Rationale: Continuous ECG monitoring is essential to detect dysrhythmias during potassium replacement therapy.
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Description
This quiz covers critical nursing interventions for managing various electrolyte disorders, including hyperkalemia, hypokalemia, hyponatremia, and hypercalcemia. Understand the important roles of treatments such as IV calcium gluconate and fluid restrictions to ensure patient safety in emergencies. Test your knowledge on the rationale behind these interventions and their impact on health outcomes.
