Untitled
94 Questions
8 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Potassium (K+)

  • 1.3 - 2.1 mEq/L
  • 3.5 -5.0 mEq/L (correct)
  • 3.0 - 4.5 mg/dL
  • 9.0-10.5 mg/dL

    • Sodium (Na+):

  • 135-145 mEq/L (correct)
  • 3.0 - 4.5 mg/dL
  • 9.0-10.5 mg/dL
  • 3.5 -5.0 mEq/L

    • Calcium (Ca++)

  • 3.5 -5.0 mEq/L
  • 1.3 - 2.1 mEq/L
  • 9.0-10.5 mg/dL (correct)
  • 3.0 - 4.5 mg/dL

    • Magnesium (Mg++)

    <p>1.3 - 2.1 mEq/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Phosphorus (PO4)

    <p>3.0 - 4.5 mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blood PH

    <p>7.35-7.45</p> Signup and view all the answers

    BUN

    <p>10-20 mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered an extracellular fluid compartment?

    <p>Intracellular compartment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is responsible for maintaining relatively constant conditions in fluid compartments of the body?

    <p>Homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the body is made up of water?

    <p>50-60%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolyte imbalance is often associated with hypomagnesaemia?

    <p>Hypokalemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of hypermagnesemia?

    <p>Excessive use of magnesium-containing medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What electrolyte imbalance is usually found in metabolic acidosis?

    <p>Hyperchloremia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of continuous hypercalcemia?

    <p>Calcium deposits in the eyes and circulatory system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a cause of deficient fluid volume?

    <p>Inadequate ADH production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for urine specific gravity?

    <p>1.014 - 1.018</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does serum creatinine level indicate?

    <p>Renal function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of fluid imbalance?

    <p>Dyspnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of active transport?

    <p>Requires a carrier protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of active transport?

    <p>Sodium pump to move Na+ out of the cell into an area of higher concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major goal of therapy for respiratory alkalosis?

    <p>To treat the underlying cause of the condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of respiratory alkalosis?

    <p>Hyperventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of hypernatremia?

    <p>Thirst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can hypernatremia lead to if not corrected?

    <p>Convulsions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the usual treatment for hyponatremia?

    <p>Restriction of fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of hypertonic extracellular fluid deficit?

    <p>Abnormal fluid losses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the primary electrolyte in extracellular fluid?

    <p>Sodium (Na+)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolyte is responsible for metabolism of carbohydrates and proteins, storage and use of intracellular energy, and neural transmission?

    <p>Magnesium (Mg++)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolyte is essential for normal membrane excitability, important for transmitting nerve impulses, and needed for protein synthesis and synthesis and breakdown of glycogen?

    <p>Potassium (K+)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolyte is responsible for promoting transmission of nerve impulses, helping regulate muscle contraction and relaxation, and playing a role in clotting?

    <p>Calcium (Ca++)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of severe fluid volume deficit?

    <p>Moist, edematous tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the distribution of fluid in the body?

    <p>Infants have a higher percentage of total body water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an electrolyte?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does osmolality control in the body?

    <p>Fluid balance in each body fluid compartment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following electrolytes is responsible for promoting transmission of nerve impulses, helping regulate muscle contraction and relaxation, and playing a role in clotting?

    <p>Potassium (K+)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for sodium (Na+) in the body?

    <p>135-145 mEq/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major goal of therapy for respiratory alkalosis?

    <p>Increase carbon dioxide (CO2) levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the body is made up of water?

    <p>50-60%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following electrolytes is responsible for promoting transmission of nerve impulses, helping regulate muscle contraction and relaxation, and playing a role in clotting?

    <p>Calcium (Ca++)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of hyperchloremia?

    <p>Muscle weakness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an electrolyte?

    <p>Urea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major goal of therapy for hyponatremia?

    <p>Decrease water intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of hypernatremia?

    <p>Headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a cause of hyponatremia?

    <p>Excess fluid intake without sodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major goal of therapy for hypernatremia?

    <p>Oral or IV replacement of water to restore balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the usual treatment for hypotonic extracellular fluid deficit?

    <p>Restriction of fluids while the kidneys excrete excess water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of hyperchloremia?

    <p>Muscle cramps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major cause of hypocalcemia?

    <p>Inadequate dietary intake of calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolyte imbalance is often associated with hypomagnesemia?

    <p>Hypocalcemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the usual treatment for hyperkalemia?

    <p>Polystyrene Sulfonate (Kayexelate)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential consequence of hyperkalemia?

    <p>Irregular heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major goal of therapy for respiratory alkalosis?

    <p>Increase Paco2 levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom of metabolic acidosis?

    <p>Increased heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary electrolyte in extracellular fluid?

    <p>Sodium (Na+)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of deficient fluid volume?

    <p>Adequate ADH production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an accurate statement about urine specific gravity?

    <p>A low urine specific gravity indicates deficient fluid volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a diagnostic test for assessing renal function?

    <p>Serum albumin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom associated with fluid imbalance?

    <p>Elevated blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of severe fluid volume deficit?

    <p>Pinched, drawn facial expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a changing urine output reflect?

    <p>Attempts by the kidneys to maintain or restore balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolyte is responsible for promoting transmission of nerve impulses, helping regulate muscle contraction and relaxation, and playing a role in clotting?

    <p>Calcium (Ca++)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for urine specific gravity?

    <p>1.005-1.030</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main food for the brain?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of hypertonic extracellular fluid deficit?

    <p>Dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which fluid and solutes move across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure?

    <p>Filtration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following electrolytes is responsible for maintaining normal nerve and muscle function, regulating fluid balance, and playing a role in blood pressure regulation?

    <p>Potassium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the condition in which there is an excessive amount of fluid in the extracellular fluid compartment?

    <p>Fluid volume excess</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of electrolyte imbalances?

    <p>Excessive intake of electrolytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of sodium (Na+)?

    <p>Acid-base balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary electrolyte in intracellular fluid?

    <p>Potassium (K+)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an example of an electrolyte?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of water in the body?

    <p>Transporting nutrients and wastes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolyte is mainly found in the intracellular fluid and plays a critical role in the transmission of nerve impulses?

    <p>Potassium (K+)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolyte is responsible for regulating osmotic pressure between fluid compartments and assisting in regulating acid-base balance?

    <p>Chloride (Cl-)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolyte is concentrated in the bones and teeth and plays a role in the transmission of nerve impulses and muscle contraction and relaxation?

    <p>Calcium (Ca2+)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolyte is the most abundant cation in intracellular fluid and is vital to cellular function, metabolism, and neural transmission?

    <p>Magnesium (Mg2+)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones stimulates the release of aldosterone from the adrenal glands?

    <p>Renin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of tubular reabsorption in the kidneys?

    <p>To return most of the glomerular filtrate to the circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones is responsible for stimulating the sensation of thirst?

    <p>ADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the glomerulus in the kidney?

    <p>To filter approximately 20% of the blood plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when a carrier protein transports molecules through membranes toward an area of lower concentration?

    <p>Facilitated diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of active transport?

    <p>Transport of sodium out of the cell into the extracellular fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the movement of water across a membrane from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated solution?

    <p>Osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to refer to the concentration of a solution determined by the number of dissolved particles per kilogram of water?

    <p>Osmolality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential cause of chronic dehydration in older adults?

    <p>Reduced sense of taste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the greatest loss of total body water in older adults?

    <p>Intracellular fluid compartment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a factor that can contribute to acute fluid deficits?

    <p>Trauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended daily fluid intake for adult men according to the Institute of Medicine?

    <p>3 L/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions has the potential to disrupt fluid balance?

    <p>Gastroenteritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some risk factors for fluid and electrolyte imbalances?

    <p>Taking diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some patient complaints that may be associated with fluid imbalances?

    <p>Fatigue and palpitations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can changes in fluid and electrolyte balance be detected during a physical examination?

    <p>Assessing pulse and blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can electrolyte disturbances be confirmed?

    <p>By analyzing laboratory tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some symptoms of fluid volume deficit?

    <p>Muscle weakness and cramps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser