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Questions and Answers
What are the components of a nucleotide?
What are the components of a nucleotide?
How do the structures of DNA and RNA nucleotides differ?
How do the structures of DNA and RNA nucleotides differ?
What is the structural shape of a DNA molecule?
What is the structural shape of a DNA molecule?
Which of the following bases is not found in RNA?
Which of the following bases is not found in RNA?
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Which statement distinguishes purines from pyrimidines?
Which statement distinguishes purines from pyrimidines?
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What is the primary function of DNA polymerase during DNA replication?
What is the primary function of DNA polymerase during DNA replication?
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What structural feature distinguishes purines from pyrimidines in nucleotides?
What structural feature distinguishes purines from pyrimidines in nucleotides?
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During DNA replication, what is the role of the helicase enzyme?
During DNA replication, what is the role of the helicase enzyme?
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What type of bond joins nucleotides together in the DNA strand?
What type of bond joins nucleotides together in the DNA strand?
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Why is DNA replication referred to as semi-conservative?
Why is DNA replication referred to as semi-conservative?
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What describes the direction in which new nucleotides are added during DNA synthesis?
What describes the direction in which new nucleotides are added during DNA synthesis?
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What characterizes the antiparallel nature of DNA strands?
What characterizes the antiparallel nature of DNA strands?
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Which of the following accurately describes the process of DNA replication's conclusion?
Which of the following accurately describes the process of DNA replication's conclusion?
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What is the primary function of ligase in DNA replication?
What is the primary function of ligase in DNA replication?
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In which direction is the leading strand synthesized during DNA replication?
In which direction is the leading strand synthesized during DNA replication?
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Which type of RNA has an anticodon that pairs with codons during protein synthesis?
Which type of RNA has an anticodon that pairs with codons during protein synthesis?
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What is a distinguishing feature of the lagging strand during DNA replication?
What is a distinguishing feature of the lagging strand during DNA replication?
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What type of bond joins RNA nucleotides in single-stranded RNA?
What type of bond joins RNA nucleotides in single-stranded RNA?
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What is the primary role of RNA polymerase during transcription?
What is the primary role of RNA polymerase during transcription?
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Where does translation occur in eukaryotic cells?
Where does translation occur in eukaryotic cells?
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Which codons signal termination during translation?
Which codons signal termination during translation?
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What is the product formed after the transcription process?
What is the product formed after the transcription process?
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What initiates the transcription process?
What initiates the transcription process?
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What is the function of tRNA during translation?
What is the function of tRNA during translation?
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What happens during the elongation stage of transcription?
What happens during the elongation stage of transcription?
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What is a polypeptide chain?
What is a polypeptide chain?
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What is the primary role of tRNA in protein synthesis?
What is the primary role of tRNA in protein synthesis?
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During transcription, which strand of the DNA serves as the template for mRNA synthesis?
During transcription, which strand of the DNA serves as the template for mRNA synthesis?
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What is formed when the ribosome links two amino acids together?
What is formed when the ribosome links two amino acids together?
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What might gene mutations result from?
What might gene mutations result from?
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What is the first step of protein synthesis that occurs in the nucleus?
What is the first step of protein synthesis that occurs in the nucleus?
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What occurs after the mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus?
What occurs after the mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus?
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What facilitates the complementary base pairing between codons and anticodons?
What facilitates the complementary base pairing between codons and anticodons?
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What happens to the DNA strands after RNA polymerase synthesizes mRNA?
What happens to the DNA strands after RNA polymerase synthesizes mRNA?
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Study Notes
Nucleic Acid & Protein Synthesis
- Nucleic acids are the building blocks of life, with DNA and RNA being the most important.
- Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids, linking to form long chains.
- DNA is a double helix, while RNA is a single chain.
- Nucleotides consist of a phosphate group, a pentose sugar (deoxyribose in DNA, ribose in RNA), and a nitrogenous base.
- DNA sugars are deoxyribose, RNA sugars are ribose.
- Nitrogenous bases include purines (Adenine, Guanine) and pyrimidines (Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil).
- Purines have a larger structure (double ring); pyrimidines are smaller (single ring).
- DNA bases pair in a specific manner; Adenine with Thymine (A-T), and Cytosine with Guanine (C-G).
- RNA bases pair similarly but Uracil replaces Thymine (A-U, C-G).
- DNA replication is a process to create an identical copy of DNA.
- DNA replication occurs during the S phase of cell division (mitosis/meiosis).
- DNA replication is semi-conservative; it involves one original strand and one newly synthesized strand in each new DNA molecule.
- Enzymes like Helicase unwind DNA, DNA polymerase synthesises new strands, and ligase joins fragments.
- DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to a growing strand in the 5' to 3' direction.
- DNA replication has a leading strand and a lagging strand; the lagging strand has Okazaki fragments.
- Three main types of RNA are rRNA, mRNA, and tRNA.
- rRNA forms ribosomes; mRNA carries coded instructions; tRNA brings amino acids.
- Transcription is the process where the genetic code from DNA is used to synthesize mRNA. This happens in the nucleus.
- Translation is the process where the genetic code in mRNA is used to synthesize a protein. This happens in the cytoplasm, specifically the ribosomes.
- Gene mutations are random changes in the DNA base sequence. These can result from replication errors, or damage from mutagens.
- Protein synthesis is the process of building proteins from genetic instructions.
- Protein synthesis has two main stages: transcription and translation.
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Description
Test your knowledge on nucleic acids and protein synthesis! This quiz covers the structures of DNA and RNA, the role of nucleotides, and the process of DNA replication. Perfect for students studying molecular biology or biochemistry.
