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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of DNA?
What is the primary function of DNA?
RNA carries genetic information from the ribosomes back to the nucleus.
RNA carries genetic information from the ribosomes back to the nucleus.
False
What process occurs at the ribosomes to produce polypeptides?
What process occurs at the ribosomes to produce polypeptides?
Translation
Both DNA and RNA are essential for the proper functioning of cells because they are both involved in the production of _____ .
Both DNA and RNA are essential for the proper functioning of cells because they are both involved in the production of _____ .
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Match the nucleic acids with their primary functions:
Match the nucleic acids with their primary functions:
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Which term describes the directionality of the two DNA strands?
Which term describes the directionality of the two DNA strands?
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Adenine pairs with guanine in DNA.
Adenine pairs with guanine in DNA.
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What is the shape of the DNA molecule?
What is the shape of the DNA molecule?
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The nitrogenous base cytosine pairs with _____ in DNA.
The nitrogenous base cytosine pairs with _____ in DNA.
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Match the nitrogenous bases with their corresponding pairs in DNA:
Match the nitrogenous bases with their corresponding pairs in DNA:
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How many hydrogen bonds are formed between adenine and thymine?
How many hydrogen bonds are formed between adenine and thymine?
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DNA consists of single-stranded polynucleotide strands.
DNA consists of single-stranded polynucleotide strands.
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What type of bonding holds the two DNA strands together?
What type of bonding holds the two DNA strands together?
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Which of the following is true about RNA compared to DNA?
Which of the following is true about RNA compared to DNA?
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RNA molecules are made up of two polynucleotide strands.
RNA molecules are made up of two polynucleotide strands.
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What type of bond forms the sugar-phosphate backbone of RNA?
What type of bond forms the sugar-phosphate backbone of RNA?
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An example of an RNA molecule is _____, which acts as a transcript copy of a gene.
An example of an RNA molecule is _____, which acts as a transcript copy of a gene.
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Match the following RNA types with their functions:
Match the following RNA types with their functions:
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Which of the following statements about RNA polynucleotide chains is accurate?
Which of the following statements about RNA polynucleotide chains is accurate?
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All RNA molecules are longer than any DNA molecules.
All RNA molecules are longer than any DNA molecules.
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What is the primary function of transfer RNA (tRNA)?
What is the primary function of transfer RNA (tRNA)?
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What is the main function of ribosomes?
What is the main function of ribosomes?
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Ribosomes are surrounded by a membrane.
Ribosomes are surrounded by a membrane.
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What type of RNA forms part of the structure of ribosomes?
What type of RNA forms part of the structure of ribosomes?
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Eukaryotic cells contain _____ ribosomes, which are larger than those found in prokaryotic cells.
Eukaryotic cells contain _____ ribosomes, which are larger than those found in prokaryotic cells.
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Which type of ribosomes are found in prokaryotic cells?
Which type of ribosomes are found in prokaryotic cells?
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Match the ribosome type to its location:
Match the ribosome type to its location:
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The small subunit of a ribosome is the site of translation.
The small subunit of a ribosome is the site of translation.
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What is the primary role of rRNA during protein synthesis?
What is the primary role of rRNA during protein synthesis?
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Who was the first scientist to discover DNA?
Who was the first scientist to discover DNA?
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The genetic information is primarily carried by proteins, not DNA.
The genetic information is primarily carried by proteins, not DNA.
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What two components make up the building blocks of DNA?
What two components make up the building blocks of DNA?
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In 1953, Watson and Crick confirmed the _____ structure of DNA.
In 1953, Watson and Crick confirmed the _____ structure of DNA.
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Match the scientist to their contribution regarding DNA:
Match the scientist to their contribution regarding DNA:
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What led scientists to initially doubt that DNA carried genetic information?
What led scientists to initially doubt that DNA carried genetic information?
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What year did researchers begin to fully understand the role of DNA in genetic inheritance?
What year did researchers begin to fully understand the role of DNA in genetic inheritance?
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DNA is highly susceptible to hydrolysis compared to proteins.
DNA is highly susceptible to hydrolysis compared to proteins.
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What is the primary purpose of semi-conservative replication?
What is the primary purpose of semi-conservative replication?
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In semi-conservative replication, both strands of the new DNA molecule are originally from the parent DNA.
In semi-conservative replication, both strands of the new DNA molecule are originally from the parent DNA.
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Why is it important that new cells inherit all their genes?
Why is it important that new cells inherit all their genes?
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The process of copying DNA before cell division is known as __________ replication.
The process of copying DNA before cell division is known as __________ replication.
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Match the terms with their correct definitions:
Match the terms with their correct definitions:
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What does the term 'semi' in semi-conservative replication refer to?
What does the term 'semi' in semi-conservative replication refer to?
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New DNA strands created during semi-conservative replication are strictly identical to the parental original strands.
New DNA strands created during semi-conservative replication are strictly identical to the parental original strands.
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What role do 'parent cells' play in the process of DNA replication?
What role do 'parent cells' play in the process of DNA replication?
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Study Notes
Nucleic Acids: Structure & DNA Replication
- DNA and RNA are both types of nucleic acids found in all living cells. They are essential for proper cell functioning, involved in building proteins.
- DNA holds or stores genetic information used for growth and development of organisms.
- RNA transfers the genetic code from DNA out of the nucleus to carry it to ribosomes to make proteins (translation).
- Nucleotides are the repeating units forming DNA and RNA polymers. Each nucleotide consists of a pentose sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group.
- DNA nucleotides use deoxyribose sugar and have four bases (adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine).
- RNA nucleotides use ribose sugar and have four bases (adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil).
- Phosphodiester bonds connect nucleotides in a chain, forming the sugar-phosphate backbone.
- Purines (adenine and guanine) have a double ring structure.
- Pyrimidines (cytosine, thymine, and uracil) have a single ring structure.
- DNA exists as a double helix with antiparallel strands held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs.
- Adenine pairs with Thymine (A-T), and Guanine pairs with Cytosine (C-G). Each pair has a specific number of hydrogen bonds.
- RNA is single-stranded and shorter than DNA.
- Ribosomes are organelles responsible for protein synthesis in all cells. Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins, and can occur free in the cytoplasm or bound to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
- Semi-conservative replication is a process where each new DNA molecule contains one original strand and one newly synthesized strand.
- The process of replication begins with Helicase unwinding the DNA double helix, then DNA polymerase creating new strands using free nucleotides.
- DNA polymerase can only build new strands in the 5' to 3' direction.
- One strand (leading strand) is synthesized continuously, while the other (lagging strand) is synthesized in short segments (Okazaki fragments) that are subsequently connected by the enzyme DNA ligase.
- The process is vital for creating identical genetic copies for cell division and growth.
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of nucleic acids, focusing on the structure of DNA and RNA, and the process of DNA replication. This quiz covers key concepts including nucleotide components, the differences between DNA and RNA, and their essential roles in genetic information transfer and protein synthesis.
