Nose & Paranasal Sinuses Anatomy Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the nose in relation to breathing?

  • To warm and humidify inspired air (correct)
  • To produce mucus
  • To drain and clear the sinuses
  • To filter out pathogens and particulates

    • What type of epithelium lines the nasal cavity?

  • Cuboidal epithelium with cilia
  • Simple cuboidal epithelium
  • Stratified squamous epithelium
  • Pseudostratified epithelium (correct)

    • Which of the following bones forms the boundary of the nasal cavity?

  • Maxilla bone only
  • Frontal and maxilla bones
  • Frontal bone only
  • Frontal, maxilla, and nasal bones (correct)

    • What is the function of the conchae in the nasal cavity?

    <p>Not mentioned in the text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of the blood supply to the nose?

    <p>Both internal and external carotid arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the nasal septum?

    <p>To separate the two sides of the nasal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the paranasal sinuses and the nasal cavity?

    <p>They are connected through the lateral wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the nerve supply to the paranasal sinuses?

    <p>It causes 'referred' pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the general sensory supply to the nose?

    <p>branches of the ophthalmic and maxillary divisions of the trigeminal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What separates the left and right nasal cavities?

    <p>The nasal septum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the olfactory region?

    <p>To detect odors and smells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the three large elevations that protrude from the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

    <p>Conchae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drains into the lateral walls of the nasal cavity?

    <p>The paranasal sinuses and the nasolacrimal duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the nasal cavity?

    <p>To warm and humidify the air we breathe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the foramen that connects the nasal cavity to the pterygopalatine fossa?

    <p>The sphenopalatine foramen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of studying the paranasal sinuses?

    <p>To understand the relationship between the nasal cavity and the sinuses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the frontal sinus?

    <p>Ophthalmic nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for inflammation of the paranasal sinuses?

    <p>Sinusitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can maxillary sinus infections cause toothache?

    <p>Because the superior alveolar nerves pass through the maxillary sinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for when more than one sinus is affected by infection?

    <p>Pansinusitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do infections of the upper respiratory tract spread to the paranasal sinuses?

    <p>Through the nasal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can infection of the maxillary sinus spread to the upper teeth?

    <p>Because the alveolar process of the upper molar teeth can be very close to the floor of the maxillary sinus cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the tube that connects the middle ear and upper respiratory tract?

    <p>Auditory tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of infection of the auditory tube?

    <p>Diminished hearing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the turbinates?

    <p>To warm and humidify the air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the ostia for the maxillary sinus open?

    <p>In the middle meatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the maxillary sinus most likely to be infected?

    <p>Because its ostia are located near the floor of the nasal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelial lining is found in the respiratory region of the nasal cavity?

    <p>Pseudostratified ciliated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure marks the opening of the frontal, maxillary, and anterior ethmoidal sinuses in the nasal cavity?

    <p>Semilunar hiatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial bone does the cribriform plate belong to?

    <p>Ethmoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone is an unpaired bone of the nasal septum?

    <p>Ethmoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the largest of the paranasal sinuses?

    <p>Maxillary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which facial bone forms the posterior aspect of the nasal septum?

    <p>Vomer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of nasal fractures?

    <p>Blunt trauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which paranasal sinus provides access to the pituitary gland?

    <p>Sphenoid sinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of epistaxis in a 22-year-old man?

    <p>Facial injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of injury is most likely to cause a nasal fracture?

    <p>Blunt trauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common location for nasal fractures?

    <p>Nasal bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary surgical approach to access the pituitary gland?

    <p>Transsphenoidal approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common symptom of a pituitary adenoma?

    <p>Visual disturbances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the nasal cavity?

    <p>To warm and humidify inspired air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the olfactory region in the nasal cavity?

    <p>In the most superior part of the cavity space, lined by olfactory epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the nasal cavity?

    <p>To filter, warm, and humidify the air we breathe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone forms the boundary of the nasal cavity?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the conchae in the nasal cavity?

    <p>To trap pathogens and particulates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the conchae in the nasal cavity?

    <p>To warm and humidify the air we breathe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of the blood supply to the nose?

    <p>Ophthalmic, maxillary, and facial arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the nasal septum?

    <p>It separates the left and right nasal cavities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the foramen that connects the nasal cavity to the pterygopalatine fossa?

    <p>Sphenopalatine foramen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure that separates the left and right nasal cavities?

    <p>Nasal septum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the special sensory supply to the nose?

    <p>From the olfactory nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the paranasal sinuses and the nasal cavity?

    <p>The paranasal sinuses drain into the nasal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses?

    <p>The paranasal sinuses drain into the nasal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium lines the nasal cavity?

    <p>Pseudostratified epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of studying the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses?

    <p>To understand the anatomy of the respiratory system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the nasal cavity in relation to the lacrimal duct?

    <p>It clears the lacrimal duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nerve supply of the ethmoidal and sphenoidal sinuses?

    <p>Both maxillary and ophthalmic nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can sinusitis cause pain and swelling?

    <p>As a result of the infection spreading from the upper respiratory tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the alveolar process of the upper molar teeth being close to the floor of the maxillary sinus cavity?

    <p>It increases the risk of infection spreading between the two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of infection of the auditory tube?

    <p>Diminished hearing and swelling of the mucous linings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the paranasal sinuses?

    <p>To reduce the weight of the skull</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the path by which infection can spread between the middle ear and upper respiratory tract?

    <p>The auditory tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nerve that is affected by the swelling and direct pressure of the maxillary sinus?

    <p>Superior alveolar nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium lines the paranasal sinuses?

    <p>Pseudostratified columnar epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the maxillary sinus at risk of infection?

    <p>Due to the proximity of the alveolar process of the upper molar teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery supplies the frontal sinus?

    <p>Ophthalmic artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the openings that connect the paranasal sinuses to the nasal cavity?

    <p>Ostia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the connection between the paranasal sinuses and the nasal cavity?

    <p>It provides a path for infection to spread between the two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the maxillary sinuses?

    <p>Maxillary nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure that marks the opening of the frontal, maxillary, and anterior ethmoidal sinuses?

    <p>Middle meatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary blood supply to the nasal cavity?

    <p>Maxillary artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which the paranasal sinuses form?

    <p>Intrinsic growth and invasion of bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the turbinates?

    <p>To warm and humidify the air we breathe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial bone does the cribriform plate belong to?

    <p>Ethmoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bones makes up the nasal septum?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the epithelial lining of the respiratory region of the nasal cavity?

    <p>Pseudostratified ciliated columnar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure marks the opening of the frontal, maxillary, and anterior ethmoidal sinuses?

    <p>Semilunar hiatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the paranasal sinuses and the nasal cavity?

    <p>The paranasal sinuses are connected to the nasal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the maxillary sinus most likely to be infected?

    <p>Because of its proximity to the nose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two bones make up most of the nasal septum?

    <p>Maxillary and palatine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Nose

    • Located inferiorly and medially to the eyes
    • Functions:
      • Breathing
      • Warming and humidifying inspired air
      • Olfaction (smell)
      • Removing/trapping pathogens and particulates
      • Draining and clearing sinuses and lacrimal ducts
    • Anatomy:
      • Consists of pseudostratified epithelium with cilia
      • Highly vascular and easily congested
      • Nasal cavity is a complex chamber located posterior to the vestibule and atrium of the nose
    • 3 pairs of bones form the root of the nose:
      • Frontal (nasal process)
      • Maxilla (frontal process)
      • Nasal
    • 3 major cartilages form the dorsum and apex of the nose:
      • Septal
      • Lateral nasal (upper nasal)
      • Major alar (lower nasal)

    Nasal Cavity

    • Spaces within the anterior aspect of the cranium, located directly behind the external nose
    • Left and right cavities are separated in the midline by a central nasal septum (medial wall)
    • Both chambers are bounded by a roof, floor, and lateral wall
    • Each cavity has three regions:
      • Vestibule (lined by skin, houses hair follicles)
      • Respiratory region (lined by respiratory epithelium)
      • Olfactory region (lined by olfactory epithelium, contains olfactory receptors)

    Conchae

    • 3 large elevations protruding from the lateral wall of the nasal cavity
    • Conchae increase the surface area of the nasal cavity

    Paranasal Sinuses

    • Functions:
      • Reducing weight of the skull
      • Air warming and filtration
      • Mucus production and storage
      • Production of Nitric Oxide
    • Structure:
      • Large cavities enclosed in skull bones
      • Covered by mucus and cilia
      • Connected to the nasal cavity through passages and apertures called ostia
    • Features:
      • Paired hollow cavities
      • Air-filled
      • Bony walls
      • Lined by respiratory epithelium (pseudostratified columnar epithelium)
    • Connections with nasal cavity:
      • Frontal and anterior ethmoidal sinus openings
      • Middle ethmoidal opening
      • Posterior ethmoidal opening
      • Sphenoopening
      • Supramaxillary sinus opening
      • Mid-inferior nasal duct opening
      • Opening to pharyngotympanic tube

    Sinus Innervation

    • Ophthalmic nerve
    • Maxillary nerve
    • Frontal sinus is supplied by branches of the ophthalmic nerve
    • Ethmoidal and Sphenoidal sinuses are supplied by branches of both maxillary and ophthalmic nerves

    Sinus Infections

    • Can cause toothache due to the proximity of the maxillary sinus to the upper teeth
    • The non-odontogenic referred "tooth pain" is from superior alveolar nerves passing through the maxillary sinus
    • Sinusitis: an upper respiratory tract infection can spread to the sinuses, causing inflammation, pain, and swelling of the mucosa

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of the nose anatomy, bones, conchae, and paranasal sinuses. Learn about their structure, function, and relationship to the nasal cavity. Identify the positions and drainage sites of the paranasal sinuses.

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