Nose & Paranasal Sinuses Anatomy

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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the nose in relation to breathing?

Warms and humidifies inspired air (correct)

Directs air to the lungs

Regulates air pressure

Filters out pathogens and particulates

How many pairs of bones form the root of the nose?

3 (correct)

What is the main function of cilia in the nasal cavity?

To remove/trap pathogens and particulates (correct)

To humidify the inspired air

To direct air to the lungs

To warm the inspired air

Which of the following arteries is NOT a major blood supply to the nose?

Occipital Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the septal cartilage in the nose?

To separate the nasal cavity into two passages Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the complex chamber located posterior to the vestibule and atrium of the nose?

Nasal cavity Signup and view all the answers

How many major cartilages form the dorsum and apex of the nose?

3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the redirected pain sensation from the sinuses to other areas of the face?

Referred pain Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the paranasal sinuses in terms of air?

Warming and filtration Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium lines the paranasal sinuses?

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sinuses is supplied by branches of the ophthalmic artery?

Frontal sinus Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the opening that connects the maxillary sinus to the nasal cavity?

Maxillary sinus opening Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the mucus produced by the paranasal sinuses?

Trapping and removing debris Signup and view all the answers

How do the paranasal sinuses develop?

Through intrinsic growth and invasion of bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cilia in the paranasal sinuses?

Moving mucus and debris out of the sinuses Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve supplies the maxillary sinuses?

Maxillary nerve Signup and view all the answers

What nerve division provides general sensory supply to the nose?

Ophthalmic and maxillary divisions of the trigeminal nerve Signup and view all the answers

What separates the left and right nasal cavities?

Central nasal septum Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the conchae in the nasal cavity?

To warm and humidify the air we breathe Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the nasal cavity is lined by olfactory epithelium?

Olfactory region Signup and view all the answers

What is the sphenopalatine foramen connected to?

Pterygopalatine fossa Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of studying the paranasal sinuses?

Not mentioned in the text Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the nasal cavity?

To warm and humidify the air we breathe Signup and view all the answers

What drains into the lateral walls of the nasal cavity?

Both paranasal sinuses and nasolacrimal duct Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve supplies the frontal sinus?

Ophthalmic nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which sinuses are supplied by branches of both maxillary and ophthalmic nerves?

Ethmoidal and sphenoidal sinuses Signup and view all the answers

Why can maxillary sinus infections cause toothache?

As a result of the superior alveolar nerves passing through the maxillary sinus Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for an upper respiratory tract infection spreading to multiple sinuses?

Pansinusitis Signup and view all the answers

Why can an upper respiratory tract infection spread to the sinuses?

Because the sinuses are connected to the nasal cavity Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for inflammation of the mucosa in the sinuses?

Sinusitis Signup and view all the answers

Why can an infection of the auditory tube lead to diminished hearing?

Because the auditory tube connects the middle ear to the upper respiratory tract Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of people have the alveolar process of the upper molar teeth communicating with the floor of the maxillary sinus cavity?

10% Signup and view all the answers

Following a facial injury, a patient presents with epistaxis. Which bone forms the posterior aspect of the nasal septum?

Vomer Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical cause of a nasal fracture?

Blunt trauma Signup and view all the answers

Which paranasal sinus provides access to the pituitary gland during surgical resection?

Sphenoid Signup and view all the answers

A patient suffers a facial injury during a rugby game. Which bone is most likely to be injured?

Maxilla Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the bone that forms the posterior part of the nasal septum?

Vomer Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with a pituitary adenoma. Which of the following is NOT a suitable approach for surgical resection?

Transmaxillary approach Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of injury in a nasal fracture?

Direct blow Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with a nasal fracture following a sports injury. Which of the following bones is MOST likely to be injured?

Nasal bone Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nose Anatomy

The nose is located inferiorly and medially to the eyes and has three main functions: breathing, olfaction, and removing pathogens and particulates.
The nasal cavity is a complex chamber located posterior to the vestibule and atrium of the nose, consisting of pseudostratified epithelium and cilia.
The root of the nose is made up of three pairs of bones: frontal (nasal process), maxilla (frontal process), and nasal.
The dorsum and apex of the nose are formed by three major cartilages: septal, lateral nasal (upper nasal), and major alar (lower nasal).

Nasal Cavity Boundaries & Relations

The nasal cavity has three regions: vestibule, respiratory, and olfactory.
The vestibule is lined by skin and houses hair follicles.
The olfactory region is the most superior part of the cavity space, lined by olfactory epithelium and contains olfactory receptors.
The respiratory region is lined by respiratory epithelium and has three large elevations, known as conchae, which protrude from the lateral wall.
The paranasal sinuses and the nasolacrimal duct drain into the lateral walls of the nasal cavity.

Paranasal Sinuses

The paranasal sinuses are paired, hollow cavities enclosed in skull bones, covered by mucus and cilia, and connected to the nasal cavity through passages and apertures called ostia.
They are lined by respiratory epithelium (pseudostratified columnar epithelium) and have openings that communicate with the lateral wall of the nose.
The paranasal sinuses include the frontal, maxillary, ethmoidal, and sphenoidal sinuses.

Innervation and Blood Supply

The nasal cavity receives general sensory supply from branches of the ophthalmic (nasociliary) and maxillary (nasopalatine) divisions of the trigeminal nerve.
The frontal sinus is supplied by branches of the ophthalmic artery.
The maxillary sinuses are supplied by branches of the maxillary artery.
Ethmoidal and sphenoidal sinuses are supplied by branches of both maxillary and ophthalmic arteries.
The ophthalmic nerve, maxillary nerve, and sphenopalatine ganglion are involved in the innervation of the paranasal sinuses.

Clinical Relevance

Sinusitis can occur when an upper respiratory tract infection spreads to the paranasal sinuses, causing inflammation and pain.
Maxillary sinus infections can cause toothache due to the proximity of the maxillary sinus to the upper teeth.
The alveolar process of upper molar teeth can be very close to the floor of the maxillary sinus cavity, allowing infection to spread between the two.
Ear infections can occur when the auditory tube becomes blocked, causing diminished hearing.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the nose and paranasal sinuses, including bones, nasal cavity, septum, conchae, and sinus drainage. Identify the positions and functions of each paranasal sinus and their relationships to the nasal cavity. Learn about the different hypotheses of sinus development.