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What is the stage from birth until the completion of the deciduous dentition called?
What is the stage from birth until the completion of the deciduous dentition called?
Gum Pad Stage
What stage is characterized by the eruption of permanent canines, premolars, and permanent second molars?
What stage is characterized by the eruption of permanent canines, premolars, and permanent second molars?
Early permanent dentition
What stage marks the completion of the eruption of deciduous teeth and the eruption of the first permanent tooth?
What stage marks the completion of the eruption of deciduous teeth and the eruption of the first permanent tooth?
Deciduous dentition stage
What is the stage from the eruption of the first permanent tooth until the shedding of the last deciduous tooth called?
What is the stage from the eruption of the first permanent tooth until the shedding of the last deciduous tooth called?
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What is the stage marked by the eruption of 3rd molars called?
What is the stage marked by the eruption of 3rd molars called?
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The bone of a newly born infant is covered by gum pads.
The bone of a newly born infant is covered by gum pads.
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What is the shape of the maxillary gum pad?
What is the shape of the maxillary gum pad?
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What separates the alveolar part of the maxillary gum pad from the hard palate?
What separates the alveolar part of the maxillary gum pad from the hard palate?
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What shape is the mandibular gum pad?
What shape is the mandibular gum pad?
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The alveolar part of both maxillary and mandibular gum pads is divided by transverse grooves into 10 segments to accommodate for the development of deciduous teeth.
The alveolar part of both maxillary and mandibular gum pads is divided by transverse grooves into 10 segments to accommodate for the development of deciduous teeth.
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What is the groove distal to the canine segment of the mandibular gum pad called?
What is the groove distal to the canine segment of the mandibular gum pad called?
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The lateral sulcus of the maxillary gum pad is mesial to the mandibular gum pad
The lateral sulcus of the maxillary gum pad is mesial to the mandibular gum pad
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There is often contact between the upper and lower gum pads in the anterior region.
There is often contact between the upper and lower gum pads in the anterior region.
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Where do the upper and lower gum pads touch during the Gum Pad Stage?
Where do the upper and lower gum pads touch during the Gum Pad Stage?
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When does the calcification of the deciduous teeth begin?
When does the calcification of the deciduous teeth begin?
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At birth, the tips of the deciduous crowns and the tips of the first permanent molars are calcified.
At birth, the tips of the deciduous crowns and the tips of the first permanent molars are calcified.
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Which tooth erupts first? (Choose one only)
Which tooth erupts first? (Choose one only)
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What is the eruption sequence of the deciduous teeth? (Choose all that apply)
What is the eruption sequence of the deciduous teeth? (Choose all that apply)
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When does the deciduous dentition stage begin?
When does the deciduous dentition stage begin?
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The arch shape during the deciduous dentition stage is typically ovoid and does not have any crowding or malocclusion.
The arch shape during the deciduous dentition stage is typically ovoid and does not have any crowding or malocclusion.
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What kind of spacing happens in the incisor region of the deciduous dentition stage?
What kind of spacing happens in the incisor region of the deciduous dentition stage?
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The mandibular primate space is mesial to the canine and closes by the eruption of the lower 6.
The mandibular primate space is mesial to the canine and closes by the eruption of the lower 6.
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The maxillary primate space is mesial to the maxillary canine.
The maxillary primate space is mesial to the maxillary canine.
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What closes the maxillary primate space?
What closes the maxillary primate space?
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At 3 years of age, there may be excessive overbite, where the upper incisors almost cover the lower incisors.
At 3 years of age, there may be excessive overbite, where the upper incisors almost cover the lower incisors.
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What reduces the excessive overbite at around 3 years old?
What reduces the excessive overbite at around 3 years old?
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At 6 years of age, a common finding is an edge-to-edge incisor relationship.
At 6 years of age, a common finding is an edge-to-edge incisor relationship.
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The mesial cup of the mandibular second molar is ahead of the maxillary second molar.
The mesial cup of the mandibular second molar is ahead of the maxillary second molar.
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The mandibular second molar is wider than the maxillary second molar, resulting in a flush terminal plane of the distal surfaces.
The mandibular second molar is wider than the maxillary second molar, resulting in a flush terminal plane of the distal surfaces.
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The flush terminal plane of the second molars will lead to end to end relationship of the first permanent molars
The flush terminal plane of the second molars will lead to end to end relationship of the first permanent molars
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What is the mesial shift that occurs before the eruption of the permanent second molars called?
What is the mesial shift that occurs before the eruption of the permanent second molars called?
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The natural occlusal wear of the incisal edges and cusps of the deciduous teeth allows the mandible to shift forward.
The natural occlusal wear of the incisal edges and cusps of the deciduous teeth allows the mandible to shift forward.
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The closure of the primate space distal to the mandibular canine is due to the mesial movement of the mandibular posterior teeth during the eruption of the permanent first molars.
The closure of the primate space distal to the mandibular canine is due to the mesial movement of the mandibular posterior teeth during the eruption of the permanent first molars.
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When does the mixed dentition stage begin?
When does the mixed dentition stage begin?
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Calcification of the permanent dentition begins after birth, with the exception of the mesiobuccal cusps of the permanent first molars.
Calcification of the permanent dentition begins after birth, with the exception of the mesiobuccal cusps of the permanent first molars.
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Permanent teeth start erupting after the crowns are fully formed.
Permanent teeth start erupting after the crowns are fully formed.
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Permanent teeth pierce through the crest of the alveolar process before 3/4 of the root is formed.
Permanent teeth pierce through the crest of the alveolar process before 3/4 of the root is formed.
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The germ of all permanent teeth are actually formed on the lingual side of their deciduous predecessors.
The germ of all permanent teeth are actually formed on the lingual side of their deciduous predecessors.
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Permanent incisors remain lingual to the deciduous teeth throughout their development, and then tend to move to the line of the dental arch.
Permanent incisors remain lingual to the deciduous teeth throughout their development, and then tend to move to the line of the dental arch.
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If a deciduous incisor does not shed, the permanent incisor will erupt in a lingual position.
If a deciduous incisor does not shed, the permanent incisor will erupt in a lingual position.
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Permanent incisors are typically narrower mesiodistally than their deciduous predecessors.
Permanent incisors are typically narrower mesiodistally than their deciduous predecessors.
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The permanent incisors usually improve their position as they erupt.
The permanent incisors usually improve their position as they erupt.
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The normal spaces between the deciduous teeth help accommodate for the eruption of the larger permanent incisors.
The normal spaces between the deciduous teeth help accommodate for the eruption of the larger permanent incisors.
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The proclination of permanent incisors is greater than that of deciduous incisors.
The proclination of permanent incisors is greater than that of deciduous incisors.
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The primate space in the upper arch is a factor that helps accommodate for the larger permanent incisors.
The primate space in the upper arch is a factor that helps accommodate for the larger permanent incisors.
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The increase in the intercanine width during the permanent dentition stage contributes to the accommodation of the larger permanent incisors.
The increase in the intercanine width during the permanent dentition stage contributes to the accommodation of the larger permanent incisors.
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The intercanine width increases by 1-2 mm in the deciduous dentition and by 3-5 mm in the maxilla, and 2-3 mm in the mandible during the eruption of the permanent canines.
The intercanine width increases by 1-2 mm in the deciduous dentition and by 3-5 mm in the maxilla, and 2-3 mm in the mandible during the eruption of the permanent canines.
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The combined mesiodistal width of the permanent canine, first premolar, and second premolar, is greater than the combined mesiodistal width of the corresponding deciduous teeth.
The combined mesiodistal width of the permanent canine, first premolar, and second premolar, is greater than the combined mesiodistal width of the corresponding deciduous teeth.
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What is the leeway space?
What is the leeway space?
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The leeway space is larger in the mandible than in the maxilla.
The leeway space is larger in the mandible than in the maxilla.
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What is the late mesial shift?
What is the late mesial shift?
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The late mesial shift contributes to decreasing both the arch length and its perimeter.
The late mesial shift contributes to decreasing both the arch length and its perimeter.
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The maxillary canine develops in a position relatively close to the dental arch, and it erupts quickly.
The maxillary canine develops in a position relatively close to the dental arch, and it erupts quickly.
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The maxillary canine erupts at 9-10 years of age.
The maxillary canine erupts at 9-10 years of age.
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The maxillary canine erupts quickly and easily.
The maxillary canine erupts quickly and easily.
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The eruption of the maxillary canine can put pressure on the roots of the central and lateral incisors.
The eruption of the maxillary canine can put pressure on the roots of the central and lateral incisors.
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The central incisors often respond to the pressure from the erupting maxillary canine by tipping labially.
The central incisors often respond to the pressure from the erupting maxillary canine by tipping labially.
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The lateral incisors often respond to the pressure by tipping labially.
The lateral incisors often respond to the pressure by tipping labially.
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The central diastema usually stays open, even as the permanent canine erupts.
The central diastema usually stays open, even as the permanent canine erupts.
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The presence of the permanent first molar indicates the beginning of the late mesial shift.
The presence of the permanent first molar indicates the beginning of the late mesial shift.
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The late mesial shift occurs because of the leeway space being utilized.
The late mesial shift occurs because of the leeway space being utilized.
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The mandible continues to grow more than the maxilla during the late mesial shift.
The mandible continues to grow more than the maxilla during the late mesial shift.
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The mandibular incisors often tip lingually during the late mesial shift.
The mandibular incisors often tip lingually during the late mesial shift.
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After the eruption of the permanent second molars, there is little change in the size and relationship of the dental arch.
After the eruption of the permanent second molars, there is little change in the size and relationship of the dental arch.
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The maxillary intercanine width increases between 3-14 years of age.
The maxillary intercanine width increases between 3-14 years of age.
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The mandibular intercanine width increases by 5 mm between 3-14 years of age.
The mandibular intercanine width increases by 5 mm between 3-14 years of age.
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The intermolar width shows a significant increase in both arches.
The intermolar width shows a significant increase in both arches.
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Between 6-10 years of age, there is an increase in both arch length and arch perimeter in the maxilla.
Between 6-10 years of age, there is an increase in both arch length and arch perimeter in the maxilla.
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There is a decrease in arch length and perimeter in the maxilla as the deciduous molars are replaced by the premolars.
There is a decrease in arch length and perimeter in the maxilla as the deciduous molars are replaced by the premolars.
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The mandibular arch experiences an increase in both length and perimeter during the mixed dentition stage.
The mandibular arch experiences an increase in both length and perimeter during the mixed dentition stage.
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The late mesial shift, interproximal wear of teeth, mesial shift tendency of all teeth, and lingual tipping of mandibular incisors contribute to the decrease in arch length and perimeter in the mandible.
The late mesial shift, interproximal wear of teeth, mesial shift tendency of all teeth, and lingual tipping of mandibular incisors contribute to the decrease in arch length and perimeter in the mandible.
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The upper first molar develops in the tuberosity of the maxilla, with its occlusal surface tilted mesially.
The upper first molar develops in the tuberosity of the maxilla, with its occlusal surface tilted mesially.
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The lower permanent first molar develops in the ascending ramus of the mandible with its occlusal surface tilted mesially.
The lower permanent first molar develops in the ascending ramus of the mandible with its occlusal surface tilted mesially.
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The second and third molars replace the first molar in the ascending ramus of the mandible
The second and third molars replace the first molar in the ascending ramus of the mandible
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The early permanent dentition stage is characterized by all teeth being in good intercuspation, a normal molar relation, and the proclination of incisors and fullness of the lips.
The early permanent dentition stage is characterized by all teeth being in good intercuspation, a normal molar relation, and the proclination of incisors and fullness of the lips.
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The fullness of the lips is often attributed to a larger tongue size relative to the skeleton of the jaw.
The fullness of the lips is often attributed to a larger tongue size relative to the skeleton of the jaw.
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As the jaw catches up with the tongue’s growth, the incisors typically become more upright.
As the jaw catches up with the tongue’s growth, the incisors typically become more upright.
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The late mesial shift is often a cause of crowding in the late teen years.
The late mesial shift is often a cause of crowding in the late teen years.
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Crowding in the late teen years is often observed due to the excessive growth of the maxilla.
Crowding in the late teen years is often observed due to the excessive growth of the maxilla.
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Study Notes
Normal Occlusion Development
- Normal occlusion development involves distinct stages, each marked by specific dental events and timeframes.
Stages of Normal Occlusion Development
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Gum Pad Stage: From birth to the completion of deciduous dentition (0-2.5 years). The jawbone is covered by gum pads at birth. Deciduous teeth begin erupting in this stage.
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Deciduous Dentition Stage: From the completion of deciduous tooth eruption to the eruption of the first permanent tooth (2.5-6 years). The dental arch is typically ovoid with no crowding or malocclusion.
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Mixed Dentition Stage: From the eruption of the first permanent tooth to the shedding of the last deciduous tooth (6-12 years). The presence of both deciduous and permanent teeth characterizes this stage.
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Early Permanent Dentition Stage: From the eruption of permanent canines, premolars, and second molars (12 years onward). This signifies the transition from primarily deciduous to primarily permanent dentition.
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Adult Dentition Stage: Marked by the eruption of the third molars (17-21 years onward). This final stage completes the permanent dentition.
Maxillary Gum Pads
- Maxillary gum pads are horseshoe-shaped with shallow vaults.
- The alveolar part is separated from the hard palate by a continuous horizontal gingival groove.
Mandibular Gum Pads
- Mandibular gum pads take a U-shape.
- The alveolar part is bordered lingually by a continuous groove.
- Transverse grooves divide these gum pads into segments for deciduous teeth.
- The groove next to the canine segment continues buccally, known as the lateral sulcus.
Relationship Between Upper and Lower Gum Pads
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Anteroposterior: The lateral sulcus of the maxillary gum pad is positioned mesial to the mandibular gum pad. This reflects the backward positioning of the mandible at the specific time.
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Vertical: Little to no contact between maxillary and mandibular gum pads exists anteriorly, allowing space for sucking, feeding, and the eruption of anterior teeth. Contact occurs at the first deciduous molars posteriorly.
Eruption of Deciduous Teeth
- Calcification of deciduous teeth commences in the fourth month of intrauterine life.
- At birth, 14 to 20% of the deciduous teeth' crowns are fully calcified, along with the tips of the first permanent molar cusps.
- The eruption sequence is as follows (approximate timeframes given in months):
- A (6-7 months)
- B (7-8 months)
- C (18-20 months)
- D (12-15 months)
- E (24-36 months)
Spacing in Deciduous Teeth
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Generalized spacing: A generalized spacing is seen in the incisor region to account for the size difference between the smaller deciduous teeth and their larger permanent successors.
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Primate spaces: - The mandibular primate space is positioned distally relative to the canine and closes through the eruption of lower 6's. - The maxillary primate space is situated mesially relative to the maxillary canine and closes with the eruption of permanent maxillary incisors.
Changing Occlusion of Deciduous Teeth
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Anterior Teeth: - Excessive overbite (upper incisors covering lower incisors) can be present at 3 years, reducing with incisor attrition. - Edge-to-edge incisor relationships typically occur at 6 years, allowing for mandibular shift.
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Posterior Teeth: - The mesial cusp of the lower D is typically ahead of the upper D, with the lower E wider than the upper E. This leads to a flush terminal plane of the distal surfaces of upper and lower E's.
- A consistent flush terminal plane can result in an end-to-end relationship between the first permanent molars.
Stage 3 Mixed Dentition Stage
- The stage persists from the eruption of the 6's to the shedding of the E's (6 to 12 years)
- Calcification of permanent teeth initiates starting after birth, except for MB cusps of 6's.
- Permanent teeth erupt when their crowns are fully developed.
- Teeth pierce through the alveolar crest when 3/4 of the root is formed.
- All permanent teeth germs form on the lingual aspect of their deciduous predecessors.
Eruption of Permanent Incisors
- Permanent incisors typically remain lingual to deciduous incisors throughout their development.
- Afterward, they frequently reposition to the arch line.
- If the deciduous incisors fail to shed, the permanent incisor erupts in a lingual position.
- Permanent incisors are frequently rotated before the complete eruption to better utilize the available space.
- Their broader mesiodistal size often necessitates additional spacing.
- Several processes, such as primary spacing, intercanine growth, and primate space, contribute to accommodating their size.
Eruption of Permanent Canines and Premolars
- Leeway Space: The combined mesiodistal width of the canines, first and second premolars is greater than the width of the deciduous molars.
- First permanent molars move forward mesially once the second primary molars are lost, exploiting this leeway space. This action shortens the dental arch length and perimeter.
- The width of this space is 3.4mm (mandibular) and 1.8mm (maxillary) in bilaterally.
Stage 4 Early Permanent Dentition Stage
- Late Teen Crowding: The mandible often continues to grow more than the maxilla (late mesial shift), which causes the mandibular incisors to tip in lingually.
- This leads to a reduction in the mandibular arch perimeter.
Stage 5 Adult Occlusion
- The size and positioning of the dental arch change little after the eruption of the third molars.
Dimensional Changes in the Dental Arch
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Arch Width: The maxillary canine width typically expands from 3 to 14 years of age by 5 mm. The mandibular width also broadens, but to a lesser degree (2–3 mm) within ages 3 to 14. Intermolar widths in both arches typically exhibit less expansion.
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Arch Length and Perimeter:
- Maxillary arch length and perimeter often increase initially between 6 and 10 years to accommodate developing permanent incisors, followed by a decrease correlating with the replacement of deciduous molars by premolars.
- Mandibular arch length and perimeter may decrease after age 10 due to factors like late mesial shift of molars, interproximal wear, and mesial shifting of all teeth, along with the lingual tipping of mandibular incisors as the jaw grows forward.
Ugly Duckling Pattern
- The maxillary canines frequently position well away from the dental arch, towards the orbital floor, in the youth.
- Around ages 9-10, the canines move downward and forward towards the occlusion, potentially impinging on the roots of the developing central and lateral incisors.
- This pressure can cause mesial movement of centrals, leading to diastemas and distal flaring of crown.
- Lateral incisors can show labial tipping, but diastemas are likely to close with the subsequent eruption of permanent canines.
Upper Permanent Molars
- In the maxilla, the top first molar initially has an occlusal surface tilted slightly in a distal direction.
- As the jaw develops, this molar migrates downward and forward, eventually occupying a space previously held by the second molar, and then the third.
Lower Permanent Molars
- Similarly to the upper permanent molars, the lower first molar develops in the mandible's ascending ramus. Its occlusal surface is slanted mesially.
- It migrates forward as the jaw expands.
- The lower second and third molars then succeed the first in the ascending ramus.
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Description
This quiz covers the various stages of normal occlusion development, including the Gum Pad Stage, Deciduous Dentition Stage, Mixed Dentition Stage, and Early Permanent Dentition Stage. Test your knowledge on the specific dental events and age ranges associated with each stage.
