Dental Development and Occlusion

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary definition of occlusion in permanent dentition?

The contact between maxilla and mandible at rest and during all possible positions and functional movements

What is the typical shape of the upper dental arch?

U-shaped

What is the term for the normal placement of teeth in the jaw?

Neutral zone

What factor influences the development of occlusion in dental arches?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the relationship between the upper and lower jaw bones?

Centric relation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the periodontal ligament in occlusion?

Distributing occlusal forces Signup and view all the answers

During the pre-dentition period, what is the characteristic of the alveolar process?

It is covered by a dense layer of fibrous periosteum Signup and view all the answers

What is the sequence of eruption for permanent upper teeth?

61243578 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the mixed dentition period is true?

It is the period during which both deciduous and permanent teeth are present Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of growth of the mandible during the pre-dentition period?

Downward and forward Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the upper and lower gum pads in the anterior region during the pre-dentition period?

There is a space between them Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the physiological spaces between deciduous teeth?

To help in the normal development of permanent dentition Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the space that exists between the deciduous teeth, particularly mesial to the maxillary canine and distal to the mandibular canine?

Primate space Signup and view all the answers

During the mixed dentition period, what is the initial relationship between the first permanent molars and the second deciduous molars?

End-to-end relationship Signup and view all the answers

What is the amount of leeway space available in the maxillary arch?

1.8mm Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the leeway space of Nance?

To relieve crowding of anterior teeth Signup and view all the answers

What is the sequence of eruption of the deciduous dentition in the mandible?

A-B-D-C-E Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the deciduous dentition period in terms of the length of the arches?

Lengthening of the arches at their posterior ends Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the stage of dental development where the deciduous teeth are being replaced by permanent teeth?

Mixed dentition period Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the differential early forward growth of the mandible during the mixed dentition period?

To facilitate the transition from an end-on to a class I molar relationship Signup and view all the answers

What is the Angle classification of a patient with a normal profile?

Class I Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary significance of the leeway space of Nance?

Compensates for the smaller size of the permanent premolars Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the sequence of eruption of the permanent upper teeth?

6-1-2-3-4-7-5-8 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the mixed dentition period?

Coexistence of deciduous and permanent teeth Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the deciduous dentition period?

Simultaneous eruption of all deciduous teeth Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the physiological spaces between deciduous teeth?

Facilitates mesial drift of the permanent molars Signup and view all the answers

During the mixed dentition period, what is the initial relationship between the first permanent molars and the second deciduous molars?

The first permanent molars erupt distal to the second deciduous molars Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor influencing the development of occlusion in dental arches?

External forces by lips and cheek Signup and view all the answers

During the pre-dentition period, what is the characteristic of the gum pads?

Upper gum pad is wider and longer than the mandible gum pad Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of growth of the mandible during the pre-dentition period?

Downward and forward Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary significance of the physiological mesial drift?

Facilitates the transition from deciduous to permanent dentition Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the forward movement of the mandible during the mixed dentition period?

To establish a Class I molar relationship Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the leeway space of Nance during the transition from deciduous to permanent teeth?

It guides the mesial drift of the mandible molars Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the deciduous teeth during the mixed dentition period?

They are smaller than the permanent teeth Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the physiological spaces during the deciduous dentition period?

To help in the normal development of the permanent dentition Signup and view all the answers

What is the sequence of eruption of the permanent teeth in the maxillary arch?

6-1-2-4-5-3-7 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the Class I patient profile according to Angle's classification?

Normal Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the physiological mesial drift during the mixed dentition period?

It helps in establishing a Class I molar relationship Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the leeway space during the transition from deciduous to permanent teeth?

To relieve crowding of the anterior teeth Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the mandible 2nd molar during the deciduous dentition period?

It is in a flush terminal plane relationship Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the initial relationship between the first permanent molars and the second deciduous molars during the mixed dentition period?

It is in an end-to-end relationship Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the variation in arch form during the transition from deciduous to permanent teeth?

Differential growth of the jaws Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the dental arches during the mixed dentition period?

The upper arch is larger than the lower arch Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the leeway space of Nance?

To accommodate the erupting permanent teeth Signup and view all the answers

What is the physiological mechanism that helps to close the spaces between the deciduous teeth during the mixed dentition period?

Mesial drift Signup and view all the answers

What is the sequence of eruption of the permanent upper teeth?

Central incisors, lateral incisors, canines, first premolars Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor influencing the development of occlusion in dental arches?

Shape and size of the jaw bones Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the dental arches during the transition from deciduous to permanent teeth?

The arch shape changes rapidly Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the differential early forward growth of the mandible during the mixed dentition period?

To compensate for the difference in size between the upper and lower jaw bones Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the physiological spaces between deciduous teeth?

To accommodate the erupting permanent teeth Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the alveolar process during the pre-dentition period?

It is actively growing Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Occlusion in Permanent Dentition

Occlusion is the contact between the maxilla and mandible at rest, and all possible positions and functional movements of the mandible.
It involves muscles, bone, teeth, periodontal ligament, TMJ, and nervous system.

Development of Occlusion

Occlusion constantly changes due to development, maturity, and aging.
Development of occlusion involves:
- Dental arches (hard tissue: jaws, teeth, and TMJ)
- Soft tissues (muscles, nerves, and ligament)
- Sequence of eruption

Factors Influencing Occlusion

Development of occlusion is influenced by:
- Dental arches:
  - Arch form/shape (normal: U, variations: oval, 'V', square)
  - Arch size (normally maxillary arch is bigger)
  - Alteration in sizes of arch may result in occlusal disharmony
- Jaws:
  - Size and shape of jaw bone
  - Relationship of jaw bones
  - Centric and eccentric
- Teeth:
  - Size and shape
  - Position/alignment
  - Inclinations/plane and compensating curvatures
- Soft tissues:
  - Muscles
  - Nerves
  - Ligament

Developmental Periods

Occlusal development can be divided into four developmental periods:
- Pre-dentition period (from birth to 6 months)
- Deciduous dentition period ( Sequence of eruption: A-B-D-C-E)
- Mixed dentition period (occurs at approximately 6 years of age)
- Permanent dentition period (sequence of eruption: Maxillary arch: 6-1-2-4-3-5-7, Mandibular arch: 6-1-2-3-4-5-7)

Pre-dentition Period

From birth to 6 months, no teeth are present.
Alveolar process is composed of gum pads, which are pink, firm, and covered by a dense layer of fibrous periosteum.
Both jaws undergo rapid growth in three planes of space: downward, forward, and lateral.
Upper gum pad is wider and longer than the mandible gum pad.
Contact occurs between upper and lower gum pads at the 1st molar region, and space exists between them in the anterior region.

Deciduous Dentition Period

Sequence of eruption: A-B-D-C-E
Spaces exist between the deciduous teeth, known as physiological spaces or developmental spaces.
Importance of space: helps in normal development of permanent dentition.
Absence of spaces in primary dentition indicates that crowding of teeth can occur.
Primate space or Simian space: spacing occurs mesial to the maxillary canine and distal to the mandibular canine.
Flush/Vertical terminal plane: the mesiodistal width of the mandible 2nd molar is more than the mesiodistal width of the maxillary 2nd molar.

Mixed Dentition Period

Occurs at approximately 6 years of age.
Begins with the eruption of the 1st permanent molars distal to the 2nd deciduous molars.
Initially, the permanent molars articulate in an end-on relationship.
On occlusion, the permanent incisors "spread out" due to spacing.
In the older literature, this period is called the "Ugly duckling stage".
Deciduous 2nd molars have a special importance for the integrity of the permanent dentition.
Leeway space of Nance: the difference in size of deciduous and permanent teeth.
The amount of leeway space is greater in the mandible arch than in the maxillary arch.

Permanent Dentition Period

Permanent dentition forms within the jaws soon after birth, except for the cusps of the 1st permanent molars which form before birth.
Sequence of eruption: Maxillary arch: 6-1-2-4-3-5-7, Mandibular arch: 6-1-2-3-4-5-7
Difference in eruption timing of canines in both arches.

Angle's Classification

Angle came up with three classes:
- Class I: normal profile
- Class II: deficient in chin length, retruded (retrognathic) profile
- Class III: excessive in chin length, protruded (prognathic) profile

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Dental Development and Occlusion

Questions and Answers

What is the primary definition of occlusion in permanent dentition?

What is the typical shape of the upper dental arch?

What is the term for the normal placement of teeth in the jaw?

What factor influences the development of occlusion in dental arches?

What is the term for the relationship between the upper and lower jaw bones?

What is the primary function of the periodontal ligament in occlusion?

During the pre-dentition period, what is the characteristic of the alveolar process?

What is the sequence of eruption for permanent upper teeth?

Which of the following statements about the mixed dentition period is true?

What is the direction of growth of the mandible during the pre-dentition period?

What is the relationship between the upper and lower gum pads in the anterior region during the pre-dentition period?

What is the primary function of the physiological spaces between deciduous teeth?

What is the term for the space that exists between the deciduous teeth, particularly mesial to the maxillary canine and distal to the mandibular canine?

During the mixed dentition period, what is the initial relationship between the first permanent molars and the second deciduous molars?

What is the amount of leeway space available in the maxillary arch?

What is the purpose of the leeway space of Nance?

What is the sequence of eruption of the deciduous dentition in the mandible?

What is the characteristic of the deciduous dentition period in terms of the length of the arches?

What is the term for the stage of dental development where the deciduous teeth are being replaced by permanent teeth?

What is the purpose of the differential early forward growth of the mandible during the mixed dentition period?

What is the Angle classification of a patient with a normal profile?

What is the primary significance of the leeway space of Nance?

Which of the following best describes the sequence of eruption of the permanent upper teeth?

What is the primary characteristic of the mixed dentition period?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the deciduous dentition period?

What is the primary function of the physiological spaces between deciduous teeth?

During the mixed dentition period, what is the initial relationship between the first permanent molars and the second deciduous molars?

What is the primary factor influencing the development of occlusion in dental arches?

During the pre-dentition period, what is the characteristic of the gum pads?

What is the direction of growth of the mandible during the pre-dentition period?

What is the primary significance of the physiological mesial drift?

What is the primary reason for the forward movement of the mandible during the mixed dentition period?

What is the significance of the leeway space of Nance during the transition from deciduous to permanent teeth?

What is the characteristic of the deciduous teeth during the mixed dentition period?

What is the primary function of the physiological spaces during the deciduous dentition period?

What is the sequence of eruption of the permanent teeth in the maxillary arch?

What is the primary characteristic of the Class I patient profile according to Angle's classification?

What is the significance of the physiological mesial drift during the mixed dentition period?

What is the primary function of the leeway space during the transition from deciduous to permanent teeth?

What is the characteristic of the mandible 2nd molar during the deciduous dentition period?

What is the significance of the initial relationship between the first permanent molars and the second deciduous molars during the mixed dentition period?

What is the primary reason for the variation in arch form during the transition from deciduous to permanent teeth?

What is the characteristic of the dental arches during the mixed dentition period?

What is the purpose of the leeway space of Nance?

What is the physiological mechanism that helps to close the spaces between the deciduous teeth during the mixed dentition period?

What is the sequence of eruption of the permanent upper teeth?

What is the primary factor influencing the development of occlusion in dental arches?

What is the characteristic of the dental arches during the transition from deciduous to permanent teeth?

What is the purpose of the differential early forward growth of the mandible during the mixed dentition period?

What is the primary function of the physiological spaces between deciduous teeth?

What is the characteristic of the alveolar process during the pre-dentition period?

Study Notes

Occlusion in Permanent Dentition

Development of Occlusion

Factors Influencing Occlusion

Developmental Periods

Pre-dentition Period

Deciduous Dentition Period

Mixed Dentition Period

Permanent Dentition Period

Angle's Classification

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