COPY: Non-Neoplastic and Tumors of the Vulva

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What is the primary cause of cervicitis?

Hormonal changes

Sexually transmitted infections (correct)

Autoimmune disorders

Genetic mutations

What is the primary characteristic of lichen sclerosus?

Hyperkeratosis of the skin

Marked epithelial thickening

Benign dermatosis with no cancer risk

Dermal fibrosis with atrophic epithelium (correct)

Which organism is responsible for approximately 40% of cervicitis cases in sexually transmitted disease clinics?

Herpes simplex virus

Candida spp.

Neisseria gonorrheae

Chlamydia trachomatis (correct)

What screening test is considered the most successful for detecting cervical cancer?

Pap smear Signup and view all the answers

Which form of condyloma is more commonly seen on anogenital surfaces?

Condylomata acuminata Signup and view all the answers

At what age does the peak incidence of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) typically occur?

30 years Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant risk associated with lichen sclerosus?

Development of squamous cell carcinoma Signup and view all the answers

In which demographic is non-HPV-related vulvar squamous cell carcinoma most commonly seen?

Older women Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is likely to increase the risk of developing CIN and invasive cervical carcinoma?

Sexual transmission of HPV Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT true regarding condylomata?

Condylomata lata are the most commonly seen form today. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about cervical cancer and CIN is TRUE?

CIN can be detected by cytologic examination before invasive cancer development. Signup and view all the answers

What type of cancers commonly arises from the cervix?

Squamous cell carcinoma Signup and view all the answers

What histopathological feature is associated with lichen simplex chronicus?

Epithelial thickening Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of vulvar carcinomas is squamous cell carcinoma?

90% Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is associated with cervicitis?

Purulent vaginal discharge Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is often present at the margins of established vulvar cancer?

Lichen simplex chronicus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes?

DNA repair Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following genetic conditions is associated with mutations in the p53 gene?

Li-Fraumeni syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What was observed regarding the use of combined estrogen plus progestin hormone therapy?

Increases the risk of breast cancer Signup and view all the answers

How does ionizing radiation to the chest affect breast cancer risk?

It increases the risk only in women irradiated before age 30 Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of women irradiated for Hodgkin lymphoma in their teens and 20s develop breast cancer?

20% to 30% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a well-established risk factor for breast cancer?

Genetic mutations in BRCA3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic appearance of cysts in fibrocystic changes?

Cysts lined by flattened or cuboidal epithelial cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT included in proliferative breast disease without atypia?

Atypical ductal hyperplasia Signup and view all the answers

What type of breast tumor is the most common benign neoplasm in females?

Fibroadenoma Signup and view all the answers

In which demographic do fibroadenomas most commonly appear?

Women in their thirties Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of phyllodes tumors?

They have a leaflike appearance Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about atypical lobular hyperplasia is true?

It is considered a precursor to breast cancer. Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the development of fibroadenomas?

Increased estrogen activity Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is associated with sclerosing adenosis?

Proliferation of ductal epithelium without atypia Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is associated with the most malignant breast tumors?

Increased stromal cellularity Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is commonly associated with intraductal papilloma?

Serous or bloody nipple discharge Signup and view all the answers

At what age group is breast cancer most commonly diagnosed?

Older than 50 years Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of breast cancer cases metastasize to distant sites?

15% Signup and view all the answers

Which group of women is most likely to carry a breast cancer susceptibility gene?

Women with bilateral breast cancer and a family history Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical behavior of solitary intraductal papillomas?

Almost always remain benign Signup and view all the answers

How does the incidence of breast cancer vary geographically?

Significantly higher in North America and northern Europe Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is not typically correlated with breast cancer risk?

Height and weight at birth Signup and view all the answers