Basal Ganglia Reading
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Questions and Answers

What was the reason for discarding the first two volumes in the initial analysis (Aron & Poldrack, 2006)?

  • To enhance the activation threshold
  • To increase the spatial smoothness
  • To adjust for T1 equilibrium effects (correct)
  • To improve the alignment of ROIs
  • Why were the images thresholded at p < 0.01 in the analyses (Aron & Poldrack, 2006)?

  • To improve spatial resolution
  • To reduce false positives (correct)
  • To enhance the temporal filtering
  • To increase the statistical power
  • What method was used to denoise the images in the analysis (Aron & Poldrack, 2006)?

  • GRFT cluster correction
  • Local smoothness correction
  • MELODIC independent components analysis (correct)
  • Spatial smoothing with Gaussian kernel
  • How were the data spatially smoothed in this study (Aron & Poldrack, 2006)?

    <p>Using a 5 mm full-width-half-maximum Gaussian kernel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of using small volume correction (SVC) in this study (Aron & Poldrack, 2006)?

    <p>To reduce type I errors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may be the consequence if such segregation is maintained at subsequent stations in the pallidum and thalamus (Alexander & Crutcher, 1990)?

    <p>Enhanced functional specificity of information processing within the globus pallidus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of putamen in the motor circuit (Alexander & Crutcher, 1990)?

    <p>Projects to specific portions of GPe, GPi, and SNr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which thalamic nucleus receives projections from lateral VAmc and VLo in the motor circuit (Alexander & Crutcher, 1990)?

    <p>VApc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of lateral VApc in the motor circuit (Alexander & Crutcher, 1990)?

    <p>Projects to the premotor cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been suggested as a consequence of the spatial convergence of the striatopallidal projection (Alexander & Crutcher, 1990)?

    <p>Degraded functional specificity within the globus pallidus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the cortical dopamine system according to Goldman-Rakic PS (Tichelaar et al., 2023)?

    <p>Facilitation of memory and cognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of reinforcement learning, what did O’Doherty JP, Hampton A, Kim H focus on (Tichelaar et al., 2023)?

    <p>Decision making and reward learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area plays a significant role in prediction error in reinforcement learning based on Garrison J, Erdeniz B, Done J (Tichelaar et al., 2023)?

    <p>Prefrontal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Anne GEC, Matthew AA, James AW, James MG, Michael JF, what selective deficits in schizophrenia were identified (Tichelaar et al., 2023)?

    <p>Impaired working memory and reinforcement learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the estimated incidence of severe micrographia in the population of Parkinsonian patients (McLennan et al., 1971)?

    <p>15%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which source of handwriting samples was found to be the most standardized and easily obtainable for analysis in Parkinsonian patients (McLennan et al., 1971)?

    <p>Serial signatures from cancelled checks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the contacted patients were able to respond to the detailed questionnaire about their handwriting and symptoms progression (McLennan et al., 1971)?

    <p>70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the study comparing levodopa to procyclidine hydrochloride and a placebo, how many patients provided serial signatures for analyzing the effect of therapy on micrographia?

    <p>30</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why was there considerable difficulty in getting Parkinsonian patients to complete a long questionnaire requiring handwriting exercises and concentration (McLennan et al., 1971)?

    <p>Cognitive challenges due to the disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

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