Basal Ganglia Reading
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Questions and Answers

What was the reason for discarding the first two volumes in the initial analysis (Aron & Poldrack, 2006)?

  • To enhance the activation threshold
  • To increase the spatial smoothness
  • To adjust for T1 equilibrium effects (correct)
  • To improve the alignment of ROIs

Why were the images thresholded at p < 0.01 in the analyses (Aron & Poldrack, 2006)?

  • To improve spatial resolution
  • To reduce false positives (correct)
  • To enhance the temporal filtering
  • To increase the statistical power

What method was used to denoise the images in the analysis (Aron & Poldrack, 2006)?

  • GRFT cluster correction
  • Local smoothness correction
  • MELODIC independent components analysis (correct)
  • Spatial smoothing with Gaussian kernel

How were the data spatially smoothed in this study (Aron & Poldrack, 2006)?

<p>Using a 5 mm full-width-half-maximum Gaussian kernel (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of using small volume correction (SVC) in this study (Aron & Poldrack, 2006)?

<p>To reduce type I errors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may be the consequence if such segregation is maintained at subsequent stations in the pallidum and thalamus (Alexander & Crutcher, 1990)?

<p>Enhanced functional specificity of information processing within the globus pallidus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of putamen in the motor circuit (Alexander & Crutcher, 1990)?

<p>Projects to specific portions of GPe, GPi, and SNr (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which thalamic nucleus receives projections from lateral VAmc and VLo in the motor circuit (Alexander & Crutcher, 1990)?

<p>VApc (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of lateral VApc in the motor circuit (Alexander & Crutcher, 1990)?

<p>Projects to the premotor cortex (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been suggested as a consequence of the spatial convergence of the striatopallidal projection (Alexander & Crutcher, 1990)?

<p>Degraded functional specificity within the globus pallidus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the cortical dopamine system according to Goldman-Rakic PS (Tichelaar et al., 2023)?

<p>Facilitation of memory and cognition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of reinforcement learning, what did O’Doherty JP, Hampton A, Kim H focus on (Tichelaar et al., 2023)?

<p>Decision making and reward learning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which area plays a significant role in prediction error in reinforcement learning based on Garrison J, Erdeniz B, Done J (Tichelaar et al., 2023)?

<p>Prefrontal cortex (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Anne GEC, Matthew AA, James AW, James MG, Michael JF, what selective deficits in schizophrenia were identified (Tichelaar et al., 2023)?

<p>Impaired working memory and reinforcement learning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the estimated incidence of severe micrographia in the population of Parkinsonian patients (McLennan et al., 1971)?

<p>15% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which source of handwriting samples was found to be the most standardized and easily obtainable for analysis in Parkinsonian patients (McLennan et al., 1971)?

<p>Serial signatures from cancelled checks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the contacted patients were able to respond to the detailed questionnaire about their handwriting and symptoms progression (McLennan et al., 1971)?

<p>70% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the study comparing levodopa to procyclidine hydrochloride and a placebo, how many patients provided serial signatures for analyzing the effect of therapy on micrographia?

<p>30 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why was there considerable difficulty in getting Parkinsonian patients to complete a long questionnaire requiring handwriting exercises and concentration (McLennan et al., 1971)?

<p>Cognitive challenges due to the disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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