30 Questions
What is the reason for the inside of the cell being negatively charged?
Presence of large, negatively charged proteins and other molecules
What is the resting cell more permeable to?
Potassium ions
What is the voltage of the inside of a nerve cell at rest?
-70 millivolt
What is the basis of neuronal communication?
Changes in membrane's permeability
What is the main reason for the outside of the cell being positively charged?
Gathering of positively charged sodium ions
What are the two types of membrane potentials of major functional significance?
Graded and action potentials
What is necessary to establish a membrane potential?
A very thin shell of charge difference
What is the function of the dendritic region of a neuron?
To receive information
What is the role of potassium ions in the resting cell?
Contribute to the positive charge outside the cell
What is the term for the ability of neurons and muscle cells to produce and conduct changes in membrane potential?
Excitability
What is the resting membrane potential?
The potential energy separating positively charged ions from negatively charged ions
What is the axonal region of a neuron specialized to do?
Deliver information
What is the result of depolarization in an axon?
The interior of the axon loses its negative charge.
What is the primary function of the sodium-potassium pump?
To return ions to their resting position.
What is the threshold for the axon potential to reach in order to generate an action potential?
-55 mV
What is the direction of sodium ion movement during depolarization?
Into the axon
What drives ion movement through the cell membrane?
Both the chemical and electrical gradients
What is the final stage of the action potential?
Resting membrane potential
Why does Na+ move inside the cell?
Because Na is positive and inside is negative
What happens to the potassium channels during an action potential?
They open after the sodium channels close
What is the result of depolarization in an action potential?
The inside of the axon becomes positive
What is the function of the Na+/K+ pump?
To complete the action potential
What happens to the potassium ions during repolarization?
They leave the cell
What is the result of repolarization in an action potential?
The inside of the axon becomes negative again
What occurs when the charge imbalance between the interior and exterior of a cell decreases?
Depolarization
What is the direction of the propagation of the action potential from the dendritic to the axon-terminal end?
One-way
What is the purpose of the myelin sheath in saltatory conduction?
To insulate the axon for faster conduction
What is the speed of action potential propagation in unmyelinated axons?
10 meter/s
What is the gap between the sending neuron and the receiving neuron called?
Synaptic cleft
What is the type of conduction that occurs in unmyelinated axons?
Continuous conduction
Test your understanding of neuronal communication, membrane potential, and the structure of the nervous system. Learn about graded potentials, action potentials, and how neurons receive and deliver information.
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