Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Care
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Questions and Answers

Which symptoms specifically indicate spastic cerebral palsy?

  • Inconsistent muscle tone and voluntary reflexes
  • Hypertonicity and poor control of posture, balance, and coordinated motion (correct)
  • Delayed milestones with intermittent tremors
  • Athletic movement and rhythmic motor actions

    • What is the most effective treatment option for severe spasticity in children with cerebral palsy?

  • Intrathecal baclofen infusion via a pump (correct)
  • Physical therapy as a primary intervention
  • Topical muscle relaxants applied to skin
  • Oral anticonvulsants that control muscle spasms

    • Which classification does NOT apply to the symptoms described in spastic cerebral palsy?

  • Poor balance control
  • Poor coordinated motion
  • Hypertonicity
  • Dystonic movements (correct)

    • What complication is NOT typically associated with cerebral palsy?

    <p>Herniation of spinal cord tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is primarily effective when given intrathecally for spasticity?

    <p>Baclofen for spasticity control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What neurological symptom would typically NOT indicate cerebral palsy?

    <p>Severe muscle weakness without spasms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms refers to a protrusion of meninges and spinal cord through a defect in the vertebral column?

    <p>Myelomeningocele</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurological disorder is characterized by poor performance of rapid, repetitive movements?

    <p>Ataxic cerebral palsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a myelomeningocele?

    <p>A saclike protrusion containing meninges and nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anomaly is most frequently associated with myelomeningocele?

    <p>Hydrocephalus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate dressing protocol for a myelomeningocele sac before surgical closure?

    <p>Apply a sterile, moist, nonadherent dressing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be avoided when caring for an infant with a myelomeningocele sac?

    <p>Reinforcing the original dressing if drainage occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is characterized by a defect in the spinal column with exposed meninges and spinal cord?

    <p>Rachischisis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant nursing intervention for an infant awaiting surgical correction of myelomeningocele?

    <p>Change the dressing every 2 to 4 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of defect involves a hernial protrusion of a sac containing meninges with spinal fluid but no neural elements?

    <p>Meningocele</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor significantly increases the risk of neural tube defects?

    <p>Lack of sufficient folic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of women is advised to take folic acid supplementation?

    <p>All women of child-bearing age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic symptom of Werdnig-Hoffmann disease?

    <p>Progressive weakness and wasting of skeletal muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What preventive measure is linked to the reduction of spina bifida incidence?

    <p>Widespread use of folic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the nurse advise regarding the position and feeding of an infant with myelomeningocele?

    <p>Position prone, turn head to the side, and nipple feed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which syndrome is NOT associated with progressive weakness and wasting of skeletal muscles?

    <p>Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about Vitamin A in pregnancy is accurate?

    <p>It should be minimized to avoid toxicity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of muscle degeneration in Werdnig-Hoffmann disease?

    <p>Degeneration of anterior horn cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy?

    <p>Pseudohypertrophy due to fatty infiltration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What position is recommended for an infant with a defect before surgery to minimize risk?

    <p>Prone with rolled blankets for support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which food should a child with a latex allergy avoid due to cross-reactivity?

    <p>Bananas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most crucial nursing intervention for a child suspected of having a latex allergy?

    <p>Avoid using any latex products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best reflects a misconception regarding latex allergies in children?

    <p>Nonallergenic latex products are safe for use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of latex allergies?

    <p>Long-term requirement for asthma management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What approach is considered inappropriate for managing a latex allergy in children?

    <p>Using desensitization techniques for treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which foods are generally safe for a child with a latex allergy?

    <p>Wheat and barley products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a child is able to nipple feed, which feeding method is usually unnecessary?

    <p>Tube feeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary nursing intervention for a child with suspected Guillain-Barré syndrome?

    <p>Assessing respiratory efforts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is not indicated for providing care to a patient with spinal cord injury?

    <p>Antibiotics for infection prevention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identifying which reflex is characteristic of spastic cerebral palsy can aid in diagnosis. Which reflex should the nurse look for?

    <p>Positive Babinski reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In caring for a patient with spinal cord injury, which action is considered non-essential?

    <p>Discussing long-term care issues with the family</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When treating Guillain-Barré syndrome, which treatment modality is primarily supportive?

    <p>Aggressive ventilatory support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which finding is least likely associated with spastic cerebral palsy?

    <p>Writhing, uncontrolled, involuntary movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which supportive treatment is commonly used in the acute phase of Guillain-Barré syndrome?

    <p>Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents a misconception regarding the care of patients with spinal cord injuries?

    <p>Patient is encouraged to be independent immediately.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by slow, writhing, uncontrolled, involuntary movements?

    <p>Athetoid or dyskinetic cerebral palsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes a myelomeningocele?

    <p>Visible defect with an external sac-like protrusion containing meninges, spinal fluid, and nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nursing response addresses the multifactorial nature of myelomeningocele?

    <p>There may be a variety of different causes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cerebral palsy is associated with clumsiness and loss of coordination?

    <p>Ataxic cerebral palsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is NOT true regarding the hereditary risk of myelomeningocele?

    <p>Parents with a spinal abnormality have higher risk offspring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial characteristic of tremulous movements in cerebral palsy?

    <p>They are a defining feature of rigid cerebral palsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the causes of myelomeningocele is correct?

    <p>A combination of factors, including folic acid deficiency, contributes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify the type of cerebral palsy that results in sudden jerking movements due to stimuli.

    <p>Rigid cerebral palsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Multiple Choice Questions

    • Spastic cerebral palsy symptoms include hypertonicity, poor control of posture, balance, and coordinated motion.
    • Medications to decrease spasticity in children are often intrathecally administered baclofen.
    • Myelomeningocele is a hernial protrusion of a sac-like cyst containing meninges, spinal fluid, and nerves.
    • Hydrocephalus is a frequently associated anomaly in myelomeningocele cases.
    • Preventing neural tube defects involves folic acid supplementation during the preconception period and pregnancy.
    • Werdnig-Hoffmann disease has progressive weakness and wasting of skeletal muscles.
    • Duchenne muscular dystrophy management should involve genetic counseling.

    Signs and Symptoms of Diseases

    • Werdnig-Hoffmann disease: Lying in a frog position, with hypotonic features (limpness), and inactivity as the most prominent features.

    Myelomeningocele Care

    • Myelomeningocele care: The defect is covered with a moist, sterile, non-adherent dressing until surgery.

    • Infants with myelomeningocele: Should be positioned prone, with head turned to one side to avoid tension on the sac while feeding.

    • Early signs of infection in infants: Temperature instability, irritability, and lethargy.

    • Latex allergies: Cross-reactions exist between latex and foods like bananas, avocados, kiwis.

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    Description

    This quiz covers essential topics related to neurodevelopmental disorders such as spastic cerebral palsy, myelomeningocele, and muscular dystrophies. Questions also include interventions, symptoms, and preventive measures associated with these conditions. Test your knowledge on the management and care strategies for children with these disabilities.

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