Neurodevelopmental Disorders Quiz: Test Your Knowledge

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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of Intellectual Disability according to the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities?

A disability characterized by significant limitations in only adaptive behavior

A disability characterized by significant limitations in only intellectual functioning

A disability characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior (correct)

A disability characterized by significant limitations in conceptual skills

At what age must Intellectual Disability originate according to the AAIDD definition?

Before age 18 (correct)

After age 25

After age 18

Before age 21

At what stage of development do neurodevelopmental disorders typically manifest?

In old age

During adolescence

In adulthood

Early in development, often before the child enters grade school (correct)

What is the approximate prevalence of Intellectual Disability in the general population?

1% Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of intellectual disability according to the DSM-V?

Deficits in general mental abilities Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate prevalence of severe Intellectual Disability?

6 per 1,000 Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the most common form of intellectual disability that is present at birth?

Trisomy 21 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of a neurodevelopmental disorder in children?

Depression Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of deficits in intellectual disability?

Impairments of adaptive functioning Signup and view all the answers

What is the anomaly that characterizes Trisomy 21?

An anomaly at the 21st pair of chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the manual that defines Intellectual Disability?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the limitations of learning or control of executive functions to global impairments of social skills or intelligence?

Range of developmental deficits Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of an intellectual disability?

Significant limitations in cognitive functioning and adaptive behaviors Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a range of conditions that affect brain development and function, including ADHD, autism, and learning disabilities?

Neurodevelopmental disorders Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between a learning disability and an intellectual disability?

The impact on cognitive functioning Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of stereotyped or repetitive motor movements?

Lining up toys Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a range of conditions that affect mood, thought, and behavior, including anxiety and depression?

Mental disorders Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of insistence on sameness?

Difficulties with transitions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the DSM-5 in relation to neurodevelopmental disorders?

To classify and diagnose neurodevelopmental disorders Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of highly restricted, fixated interests?

Strong attachment to or preoccupation with unusual objects Signup and view all the answers

When must symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder be present?

In the early developmental period Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of hyper-reactivity to sensory input?

Adverse response to specific sounds Signup and view all the answers

Where was the information about Autism Spectrum Disorder adapted from?

A Slideshare presentation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Positive Behavioral Intervention and Support?

Supporting desirable behavior through positive reinforcement Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of Learning Disabilities according to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)?

A disorder in one or more basic psychological processes involved in learning Signup and view all the answers

At what stage are the signs and symptoms of learning disabilities most often diagnosed?

During the school years Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of students between six and seventeen years of age are identified as learning disabled according to US Government figures?

5% to 6% Signup and view all the answers

Why do some individuals with learning disabilities may never receive an evaluation?

Because they may not exhibit recognizable problems until adulthood Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence for individuals with undiagnosed learning disabilities?

They are more likely to struggle with academics and relationships Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Intellectual Disability

Defined by the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD) as a disability characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior.
Originates before age 18, and involves problems in adaptive behavior, not just intellectual functioning.
Intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior can be improved.

Prevalence of Intellectual Disability

Overall general population prevalence: approximately 1%.
Prevalence for severe intellectual disability: approximately 6 per 1,000.

Classifications of Intellectual Disability

Table adapted from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK332877/
Example: Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome) - an anomaly at the 21st pair of chromosomes.

Positive Behavioral Intervention and Support

Systemic use of the science of behavior to support desirable behavior.
Positive reinforcement (rewarding) procedures to support a student's appropriate behavior.

Learning Disabilities

Defined by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) as a disorder in one or more basic psychological processes involved in understanding or using language.
May manifest in an imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or do mathematical calculations.
Often diagnosed during school years, but some individuals may not receive an evaluation until post-secondary education or adulthood.

Prevalence of Learning Disabilities

Public schools have identified between 5% to 6% of students between six and seventeen years of age as learning disabled.

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Symptoms must be present in the early developmental period.
Characteristics include:
- Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements, use of objects, or speech.
- Insistence on sameness, inflexible adherence to routines, or ritualized patterns of verbal or nonverbal behavior.
- Highly restricted, fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus.
- Hyper- or hypo-reactivity to sensory input or unusual interest in sensory aspects of the environment.
Level of severity classified by the DSM-V.