30 Questions
What is the main feature of affective disorders?
Both a pathological lowering and elevation of mood
What type of psychosis is typically seen in depression?
Psychosis with mood-congruent delusions and hallucinations
Which of the following is not a type of mood disorder according to the text?
Schizoaffective disorder
What is the key feature of bipolar affective disorder according to the text?
Oscillation between depression and mania
What is required for an accurate diagnosis of a mood disorder?
A careful past medical and psychiatric history
What is the main reference source used for the diagnostic criteria of mood disorders mentioned in the text?
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-V)
What is the most common type of hallucination experienced in schizophrenia?
Auditory hallucinations
Which of the following is NOT considered a positive symptom of schizophrenia?
Anhedonia
What is the term used to describe the reduced or absent emotional expression in schizophrenia?
Affective flattening
Which of the following is NOT a negative symptom of schizophrenia?
Formal thought disorder
What is the term used to describe the disorganized thinking and speech in schizophrenia?
Formal thought disorder
Which of the following is NOT a key symptom of schizophrenia listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-V)?
Obsessive-compulsive behaviors
Which of the following is NOT an additional sign of depression?
Increased motivation and energy levels
Which of the following medications inhibit the re-uptake of noradrenaline and/or serotonin?
Amine uptake inhibitors (SSRIs, SNRIs)
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as having a mood-stabilizing action for bipolar disorder?
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
What is the lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia?
1%
Which of the following statements about schizophrenia is NOT true?
It is more common in women.
Which of the following disorders is NOT mentioned in the text?
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
What is the role of the mesolimbic dopamine system in schizophrenia?
Involved in positive symptoms like delusions
How do genetic factors contribute to the development of schizophrenia?
They greatly increase the risk for first-degree relatives
What is the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia's basic model?
Excess dopamine in the prefrontal cortex mediates positive symptoms
What are the recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) confirming about schizophrenia?
Confirming a genetic basis including genes involved in inflammation and myelination
What is the function of the mesocortical dopamine system in schizophrenia?
Involved in cognitive functions and executive function
Which pathway dysfunction is implicated in cognitive deficits and negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
Mesocortical dopamine system dysfunction
Which of the following best describes the role of glutamate receptor hypofunction in schizophrenia?
It may lead to up-regulation of the mesolimbic dopamine system and down-regulation of the mesocortical system
According to the neurodevelopment theory, which of the following events may occur in schizophrenia?
Neurons fail to migrate correctly, make inappropriate connections, and undergo apoptosis later in life
What is the primary mechanism of action of antipsychotic or neuroleptic drugs in the treatment of schizophrenia?
They block dopamine receptors in the brain
Which of the following statements about dopamine receptors is true?
D3 and D4 receptors are found mainly in the limbic areas
What is a common issue faced by patients with schizophrenia, even when they are taking antipsychotic medications?
Relapses are common
What is the primary advantage of atypical antipsychotic drugs over traditional antipsychotics?
They have a reduced tendency to cause movement disorders
Learn about affective disorders, including mood disorders like depression and mania. Understand the importance of accurate diagnosis through thorough medical and psychiatric history.
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