Neurochemical Disorders I: Affective Disorders
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Neurochemical Disorders I: Affective Disorders

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Questions and Answers

What is the main feature of affective disorders?

  • Psychotic features such as delusions and hallucinations
  • A pathological lowering of mood
  • Both a pathological lowering and elevation of mood (correct)
  • A pathological elevation of mood
  • What type of psychosis is typically seen in depression?

  • Psychosis with delusions of grandeur
  • Psychosis with paranoid delusions
  • Psychosis with disorganized thoughts and behaviors
  • Psychosis with mood-congruent delusions and hallucinations (correct)
  • Which of the following is not a type of mood disorder according to the text?

  • Bipolar I/II disorder
  • Schizoaffective disorder (correct)
  • Persistent depressive disorder
  • Major depressive disorder
  • What is the key feature of bipolar affective disorder according to the text?

    <p>Oscillation between depression and mania</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for an accurate diagnosis of a mood disorder?

    <p>A careful past medical and psychiatric history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reference source used for the diagnostic criteria of mood disorders mentioned in the text?

    <p>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-V)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of hallucination experienced in schizophrenia?

    <p>Auditory hallucinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a positive symptom of schizophrenia?

    <p>Anhedonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the reduced or absent emotional expression in schizophrenia?

    <p>Affective flattening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a negative symptom of schizophrenia?

    <p>Formal thought disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the disorganized thinking and speech in schizophrenia?

    <p>Formal thought disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a key symptom of schizophrenia listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-V)?

    <p>Obsessive-compulsive behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an additional sign of depression?

    <p>Increased motivation and energy levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications inhibit the re-uptake of noradrenaline and/or serotonin?

    <p>Amine uptake inhibitors (SSRIs, SNRIs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as having a mood-stabilizing action for bipolar disorder?

    <p>Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia?

    <p>1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about schizophrenia is NOT true?

    <p>It is more common in women.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following disorders is NOT mentioned in the text?

    <p>Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the mesolimbic dopamine system in schizophrenia?

    <p>Involved in positive symptoms like delusions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do genetic factors contribute to the development of schizophrenia?

    <p>They greatly increase the risk for first-degree relatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia's basic model?

    <p>Excess dopamine in the prefrontal cortex mediates positive symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) confirming about schizophrenia?

    <p>Confirming a genetic basis including genes involved in inflammation and myelination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the mesocortical dopamine system in schizophrenia?

    <p>Involved in cognitive functions and executive function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathway dysfunction is implicated in cognitive deficits and negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

    <p>Mesocortical dopamine system dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of glutamate receptor hypofunction in schizophrenia?

    <p>It may lead to up-regulation of the mesolimbic dopamine system and down-regulation of the mesocortical system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the neurodevelopment theory, which of the following events may occur in schizophrenia?

    <p>Neurons fail to migrate correctly, make inappropriate connections, and undergo apoptosis later in life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of antipsychotic or neuroleptic drugs in the treatment of schizophrenia?

    <p>They block dopamine receptors in the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about dopamine receptors is true?

    <p>D3 and D4 receptors are found mainly in the limbic areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common issue faced by patients with schizophrenia, even when they are taking antipsychotic medications?

    <p>Relapses are common</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of atypical antipsychotic drugs over traditional antipsychotics?

    <p>They have a reduced tendency to cause movement disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

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