30 Questions
Which cells in the nervous system are electrically excitable and specialized in information processing?
Neurons
What happens to neurons once they reach maturity?
They die
Which cells in the nervous system are involved in the nutrition and maintenance of the nerve cells?
Astrocytes
Which part of the neuron is responsible for transmitting information to other cells?
Presynaptic terminal
Which type of neuron has one single stem axonal process that branches to form two processes?
Pseudounipolar neuron
Which of the following is responsible for maintaining the resting membrane potential in neurons?
Na+, K+ pump
What is the average resting membrane potential in mammalian neurons?
-70mV
What happens when the change in membrane potential in a neuron reaches a threshold value?
An action potential is generated
What is the role of receptors in neurons?
Receive neurochemical signals from other neurons
What is the equilibrium potential for an ion?
The concentration difference across the membrane
Which type of axons can have a velocity of over 90 m/s?
Larger and myelinated axons
What happens to the current in wider axons?
It travels faster
What is the term for the current 'jumping' from one node to another in myelinated axons?
Saltatory conduction
What causes the fusion of vesicles with the membrane at the axon terminal?
High levels of intracellular Ca2+
Which class of neurotransmitters does dopamine belong to?
Catecholamines
Which ion is the resting membrane more permeable to?
K+
What can change the resting membrane potential of neurons and muscle cells?
Synaptic signals
What happens when neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane?
They open or close ion selective channels
What is the result of a postsynaptic potential that is more positive than the resting membrane potential?
Excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)
What causes hyperpolarization in the postsynaptic cell?
Opening of K+ channels
Which organelles are contained in the cell body of a neuron?
Nucleus
What is the conducting unit of a neuron?
Myelin sheath
What is the function of the myelin sheath?
Facilitate conduction and provide electrical insulation
What cells in the nervous system produce the myelin sheath?
Oligodendrocytes in the CNS
What is the role of dendritic spines in a neuron?
Increase the receptive surface of the postsynaptic cell
Which one of these accurately describes the difference between the Central Nervous System and the Peripheral Nervous System?
The Central Nervous System consists of the brain and spinal cord, while the Peripheral Nervous System includes all the nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord.
What accurately describes the difference between a neuron and a neuroglial cell?
Neurons are responsible for transmitting electrical signals, while neuroglial cells provide support and protection to neurons.
What accurately describes the components of a neuron and their function?
The dendrites receive signals from other neurons, the axon transmits signals to other neurons, and the cell body contains the nucleus and other organelles.
What are the classifications of neurons based on their function?
Sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons.
What accurately describes myelin and its origin?
Myelin is a fatty substance that insulates and speeds up the transmission of nerve impulses, and it is produced by neuroglial cells called oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system.
Test your knowledge on the process of neurochemical signals, receptors, and action potentials with this quiz. Explore how receptors convert signals into voltage changes and how integration of different signals determines the generation of action potentials.
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