Anatomy LE 6: Blood Supply of the Central Nervous System

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If a patient presents with right sided weakness and numbness of the lower extremity, which side of the cerebral hemisphere is the lesion located?

Bilateral

Contralateral (correct)

Unilateral

Ipsilateral

A patient with a history of hypertension and diabetes presents with difficulty in producing speech, slow and slurred speech. Which vascular territory is involved?

Anterior Cerebral Artery

Posterior Cerebral Artery

Basilar Artery

Middle Cerebral Artery (correct)

What is the name of the vein that drains the insula and will drain into the transverse sinus?

Anterior Cerebral Vein

Basal Vein

Striate Vein

Deep Middle Cerebral Vein (correct)

Which artery runs inferiorly in the lateral fissure and empties into the cavernous sinus?

Internal Carotid Artery Signup and view all the answers

What are the symptoms of a lesion in the Middle Cerebral Artery territory?

Difficulty in producing speech, slow and slurred speech Signup and view all the answers

Which vein is formed by the joining of anterior cerebral veins and striate veins?

Basal Vein Signup and view all the answers

What is the eventual destination of all external cerebral veins?

Internal Jugular Vein Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the vein that drains the superficial or external cerebral veins?

Superior Cerebral Vein Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with left sided weakness and numbness of the upper extremity. Which side of the cerebral hemisphere is the lesion located?

Contralateral Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the posterior spinal arteries?

To supply the posterior third of the spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the posterior spinal arteries?

Along the length of the posterior spinal cord on the posterolateral sulcus Signup and view all the answers

What makes the upper three thoracic segments of the spinal cord vulnerable to ischemia?

Occlusion of the segmental or radicular arteries in these regions Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the veins of the spinal cord?

They are valveless and devoid of muscular tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the pattern of the venous drainage of the spinal cord?

Similar to that of the arterial supply Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the central/sulcal veins?

To drain the spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the anterior and posterior radicular arteries?

The segmental spinal arteries Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the central/sulcal branches of the anterior spinal artery?

To supply about two-thirds of the cross-sectional area of the spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the 2 posterior spinal arteries?

To give off the pial plexus which supply the remaining white matter and dorsal gray horn of the spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

What is the smaller terminal branch of the internal carotid artery?

Anterior Cerebral Artery Signup and view all the answers

Which artery does not branch from the Basilar Artery?

Posterior Cerebral Artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the largest branch of the vertebral artery?

Posterior Inferior Cerebral Artery Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of cerebral veins?

They are valveless with no muscular tissue in their walls. Signup and view all the answers

Which artery does not contribute to the Circle of Willis?

Middle Cerebral Artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the main source of blood supply to the thoracic segment of the spinal cord?

Anterior spinal artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the larger terminal branch of the internal carotid artery?

Middle Cerebral Artery Signup and view all the answers

Which artery branches from the internal carotid artery?

Anterior Cerebral Artery Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the cerebral arteries?

They run along the course of the cerebral veins. Signup and view all the answers

Which artery supplies blood to the forebrain, including the cerebrum, thalamus, and hypothalamus?

Internal Carotid Artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Circle of Willis?

To distribute blood to the different parts of the brain Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain receives blood supply from the Vertebral Artery?

Cerebellum Signup and view all the answers

How can infection or cancer from the abdominal or pelvic cavity spread to the brain?

Through the bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of occlusion of the Internal Carotid Artery?

Reduction in blood supply to the forebrain Signup and view all the answers

What is the point of entry of the Internal Carotid Artery into the skull?

Petrous portion of the temporal bone Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the spinal cord receives blood supply from the Vertebral Artery?

Upper part Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Vertebral Artery?

To supply blood to the cerebellum and spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

What is the point of entry of the Vertebral Artery into the skull?

Foramen magnum Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathway of spinal cord venous drainage?

Central veins → Pial venous plexus → Anterior and Posterior Spinal Veins Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the spinal cord is supplied by the anterior spinal artery?

Two-thirds of the spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the vasa corona?

Supplies the remaining gray and white matter Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of the posterior and inferior radicular arteries?

Posterior intercostal arteries Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the internal vertebral venous plexus?

Bidirectional Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the posterior spinal and radicular artery?

Gives off the vasa corona Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the blood supply of the spinal cord and the cerebral hemispheres?

The blood supply of the spinal cord follows the path of the arteries, unlike in the cerebral hemispheres Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the anterior and posterior medullary and radicular veins?

Drain the spinal cord into the internal vertebral venous plexus Signup and view all the answers

Which spinal arteries supply the entire length of the spinal cord?

Both anterior and posterior spinal arteries Signup and view all the answers