Cerebral Cortex
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Questions and Answers

Which part of the cerebral cortex is responsible for vision?

  • Frontal cortex
  • Cingulate cortex
  • Temporal cortex
  • Occipital cortex (correct)

    • What are the grooves on the cerebral cortex called?

  • Fissures
  • Sulci (correct)
  • Neurons
  • Gyri

    • What are the bumps on the cerebral cortex called?

  • Sulci
  • Neurons
  • Fissures
  • Gyri (correct)

    • Which part of the cerebral cortex is responsible for touch and special cognition?

    <p>Parietal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of cells in the brain?

    <p>Neurons and glial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells in the brain perform vital support functions for neurons?

    <p>Glial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of dendrites in a neuron?

    <p>Receive messages from other neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the small gaps that separate neurons called?

    <p>Synapses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the frontal cortex?

    <p>Motor control and decision making</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of cells in the brain are glial cells?

    <p>90%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain consists of neurons and synapses?

    <p>Gray matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of white matter?

    <p>Carry information between brain regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the corpus callosum?

    <p>Connect the two hemispheres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cortical region contains lots of myelin?

    <p>White matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain?

    <p>Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which division of the autonomic nervous system is involved in relaxing the body?

    <p>Parasympathetic division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is associated with the fight or flight response?

    <p>Norepinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of benzodiazepines in treating anxiety?

    <p>Decrease neuronal activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of beta blockers in reducing anxiety?

    <p>Decrease the peripheral effects of anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain region is associated with stress and fear?

    <p>Amygdala</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the cerebral cortex is responsible for hearing and memory?

    <p>Temporal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of glial cells in the brain?

    <p>Support for neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of dendrites in a neuron?

    <p>Receive messages from other neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain?

    <p>GABA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the cerebral cortex is responsible for motor control, planning, and decision making?

    <p>Frontal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the corpus callosum?

    <p>Communication between brain hemispheres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is associated with the fight or flight response?

    <p>Norepinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of white matter in the brain?

    <p>Communication between brain regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cortical region contains lots of myelin?

    <p>Occipital cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which division of the autonomic nervous system is involved in relaxing the body?

    <p>Parasympathetic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which division of the autonomic nervous system is involved in preparing the body for the expenditure of energy?

    <p>Sympathetic division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain?

    <p>Glutamate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain?

    <p>GABA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is controlled by the balance of excitatory (glutamate) and inhibitory (GABA) input?

    <p>Hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is associated with the stress response and has substantial input to the amygdala?

    <p>Norepinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is the major neurotransmitter in the brain, including in the hypothalamus?

    <p>GABA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain releases CRH (corticotropin-releasing hormone) onto the pituitary?

    <p>Hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain releases ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) onto the adrenal cortex?

    <p>Hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain releases cortisol and norepinephrine?

    <p>Corpus callosum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is involved in relaxing the body and often competes with the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>Parasympathetic division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cerebral Cortex Functions

    • Vision is processed in the occipital lobe.
    • Grooves on the cerebral cortex are called sulci.
    • Bumps on the cerebral cortex are known as gyri.
    • The parietal lobe is responsible for touch and spatial cognition.
    • The frontal cortex manages motor control, planning, and decision making.

    Neuronal Structure and Support

    • Two main types of cells in the brain: neurons and glial cells.
    • Glial cells perform essential support functions for neurons, including nutrient transport and insulation.
    • Dendrites, branching structures of a neuron, receive signals from other neurons.
    • Small gaps that separate neurons are termed synapses.

    Brain Regions and Functions

    • The brain consists of regions made up of neurons and synapses.
    • White matter facilitates communication between different brain regions and consists mainly of myelinated axons.
    • The corpus callosum's primary function is to connect the left and right hemispheres of the brain.

    Neurotransmitters and Nervous System Division

    • The main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain is GABA.
    • The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for relaxing the body.
    • Norepinephrine is associated with the fight or flight response, enabling rapid reaction to stressors.

    Role of Medications

    • Benzodiazepines are used to treat anxiety by enhancing GABA activity, leading to a calming effect.
    • Beta blockers reduce anxiety symptoms by inhibiting the effects of norepinephrine on the heart.

    Stress and Fear Responses

    • The amygdala is linked with stress and fear responses, driven by neurotransmitter input.
    • Cortisol and norepinephrine are released during stress from specific brain regions.

    Hormonal Regulation

    • The hypothalamus regulates the release of CRH (corticotropin-releasing hormone) to stimulate the pituitary gland.
    • ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) is released from the pituitary to act on the adrenal cortex, prompting cortisol release.
    • The body balances excitatory (glutamate) and inhibitory (GABA) inputs to regulate stress responses effectively.

    Autonomic Nervous System Divisions

    • The sympathetic division prepares the body for energy expenditure during stress.
    • The parasympathetic division encourages relaxation and recovery.

    Cortical and Neurotransmitter Insights

    • Myelinated regions comprise areas with significant white matter, aiding in efficient signal transmission.
    • Glutamate serves as the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, essential for learning and memory processes.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of the cerebral cortex and its functions with this quiz! Learn about the different landmarks, such as sulci and gyri, and their roles in specific brain areas. Explore the occipital cortex's role in vision and the parietal cortex's involvement in somatosensation and special cognition.

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