Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which part of the cerebral cortex is responsible for vision?
Which part of the cerebral cortex is responsible for vision?
- Frontal cortex
- Cingulate cortex
- Temporal cortex
- Occipital cortex (correct)
What are the grooves on the cerebral cortex called?
What are the grooves on the cerebral cortex called?
- Fissures
- Sulci (correct)
- Neurons
- Gyri
What are the bumps on the cerebral cortex called?
What are the bumps on the cerebral cortex called?
- Sulci
- Neurons
- Fissures
- Gyri (correct)
Which part of the cerebral cortex is responsible for touch and special cognition?
Which part of the cerebral cortex is responsible for touch and special cognition?
What are the two types of cells in the brain?
What are the two types of cells in the brain?
Which cells in the brain perform vital support functions for neurons?
Which cells in the brain perform vital support functions for neurons?
What is the function of dendrites in a neuron?
What is the function of dendrites in a neuron?
What are the small gaps that separate neurons called?
What are the small gaps that separate neurons called?
What is the main function of the frontal cortex?
What is the main function of the frontal cortex?
What percentage of cells in the brain are glial cells?
What percentage of cells in the brain are glial cells?
Which part of the brain consists of neurons and synapses?
Which part of the brain consists of neurons and synapses?
What is the main function of white matter?
What is the main function of white matter?
What is the main function of the corpus callosum?
What is the main function of the corpus callosum?
Which type of cortical region contains lots of myelin?
Which type of cortical region contains lots of myelin?
What is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain?
What is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain?
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is involved in relaxing the body?
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is involved in relaxing the body?
Which neurotransmitter is associated with the fight or flight response?
Which neurotransmitter is associated with the fight or flight response?
What is the role of benzodiazepines in treating anxiety?
What is the role of benzodiazepines in treating anxiety?
What is the role of beta blockers in reducing anxiety?
What is the role of beta blockers in reducing anxiety?
Which brain region is associated with stress and fear?
Which brain region is associated with stress and fear?
Which part of the cerebral cortex is responsible for hearing and memory?
Which part of the cerebral cortex is responsible for hearing and memory?
What is the main function of glial cells in the brain?
What is the main function of glial cells in the brain?
What is the role of dendrites in a neuron?
What is the role of dendrites in a neuron?
What is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain?
What is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain?
Which part of the cerebral cortex is responsible for motor control, planning, and decision making?
Which part of the cerebral cortex is responsible for motor control, planning, and decision making?
What is the main function of the corpus callosum?
What is the main function of the corpus callosum?
Which neurotransmitter is associated with the fight or flight response?
Which neurotransmitter is associated with the fight or flight response?
What is the main function of white matter in the brain?
What is the main function of white matter in the brain?
Which type of cortical region contains lots of myelin?
Which type of cortical region contains lots of myelin?
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is involved in relaxing the body?
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is involved in relaxing the body?
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is involved in preparing the body for the expenditure of energy?
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is involved in preparing the body for the expenditure of energy?
Which neurotransmitter is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain?
Which neurotransmitter is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain?
Which neurotransmitter is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain?
Which neurotransmitter is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain?
Which part of the brain is controlled by the balance of excitatory (glutamate) and inhibitory (GABA) input?
Which part of the brain is controlled by the balance of excitatory (glutamate) and inhibitory (GABA) input?
Which neurotransmitter is associated with the stress response and has substantial input to the amygdala?
Which neurotransmitter is associated with the stress response and has substantial input to the amygdala?
Which neurotransmitter is the major neurotransmitter in the brain, including in the hypothalamus?
Which neurotransmitter is the major neurotransmitter in the brain, including in the hypothalamus?
Which part of the brain releases CRH (corticotropin-releasing hormone) onto the pituitary?
Which part of the brain releases CRH (corticotropin-releasing hormone) onto the pituitary?
Which part of the brain releases ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) onto the adrenal cortex?
Which part of the brain releases ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) onto the adrenal cortex?
Which part of the brain releases cortisol and norepinephrine?
Which part of the brain releases cortisol and norepinephrine?
Which part of the brain is involved in relaxing the body and often competes with the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?
Which part of the brain is involved in relaxing the body and often competes with the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?
Flashcards
What does the occipital lobe process?
What does the occipital lobe process?
The occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex is responsible for processing visual information received from the eyes.
What are the grooves in your brain called?
What are the grooves in your brain called?
Grooves, or folds, on the surface of the cerebral cortex are known as sulci.
What are the bumps on your brain called?
What are the bumps on your brain called?
Gyri are the raised bumps found on the surface of the cerebral cortex.
What is the parietal lobe responsible for?
What is the parietal lobe responsible for?
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What lobe is responsible for planning and decision-making?
What lobe is responsible for planning and decision-making?
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What are the main cells responsible for brain activity?
What are the main cells responsible for brain activity?
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What type of cells support neurons?
What type of cells support neurons?
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What part of a neuron receives signals from others?
What part of a neuron receives signals from others?
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What is the space between two neurons called?
What is the space between two neurons called?
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What part of the brain facilitates communication between regions?
What part of the brain facilitates communication between regions?
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What connects the two hemispheres of the brain?
What connects the two hemispheres of the brain?
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What neurotransmitter calms brain activity?
What neurotransmitter calms brain activity?
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What part of the nervous system calms you down?
What part of the nervous system calms you down?
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What neurotransmitter prepares you for a stressful situation?
What neurotransmitter prepares you for a stressful situation?
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What kind of medication is used to calm anxiety?
What kind of medication is used to calm anxiety?
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What kind of medication reduces the physical effects of anxiety?
What kind of medication reduces the physical effects of anxiety?
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What brain part is associated with fear and stress?
What brain part is associated with fear and stress?
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What two hormones increase during stress?
What two hormones increase during stress?
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What brain region controls the release of CRH?
What brain region controls the release of CRH?
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ACTH is released from which gland?
ACTH is released from which gland?
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How does the brain control stress responses?
How does the brain control stress responses?
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What part of the nervous system prepares you for physical action?
What part of the nervous system prepares you for physical action?
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What part of the nervous system calms you down after stress?
What part of the nervous system calms you down after stress?
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What does the presence of white matter indicate?
What does the presence of white matter indicate?
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What neurotransmitter is important for learning and memory?
What neurotransmitter is important for learning and memory?
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Study Notes
Cerebral Cortex Functions
- Vision is processed in the occipital lobe.
- Grooves on the cerebral cortex are called sulci.
- Bumps on the cerebral cortex are known as gyri.
- The parietal lobe is responsible for touch and spatial cognition.
- The frontal cortex manages motor control, planning, and decision making.
Neuronal Structure and Support
- Two main types of cells in the brain: neurons and glial cells.
- Glial cells perform essential support functions for neurons, including nutrient transport and insulation.
- Dendrites, branching structures of a neuron, receive signals from other neurons.
- Small gaps that separate neurons are termed synapses.
Brain Regions and Functions
- The brain consists of regions made up of neurons and synapses.
- White matter facilitates communication between different brain regions and consists mainly of myelinated axons.
- The corpus callosum's primary function is to connect the left and right hemispheres of the brain.
Neurotransmitters and Nervous System Division
- The main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain is GABA.
- The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for relaxing the body.
- Norepinephrine is associated with the fight or flight response, enabling rapid reaction to stressors.
Role of Medications
- Benzodiazepines are used to treat anxiety by enhancing GABA activity, leading to a calming effect.
- Beta blockers reduce anxiety symptoms by inhibiting the effects of norepinephrine on the heart.
Stress and Fear Responses
- The amygdala is linked with stress and fear responses, driven by neurotransmitter input.
- Cortisol and norepinephrine are released during stress from specific brain regions.
Hormonal Regulation
- The hypothalamus regulates the release of CRH (corticotropin-releasing hormone) to stimulate the pituitary gland.
- ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) is released from the pituitary to act on the adrenal cortex, prompting cortisol release.
- The body balances excitatory (glutamate) and inhibitory (GABA) inputs to regulate stress responses effectively.
Autonomic Nervous System Divisions
- The sympathetic division prepares the body for energy expenditure during stress.
- The parasympathetic division encourages relaxation and recovery.
Cortical and Neurotransmitter Insights
- Myelinated regions comprise areas with significant white matter, aiding in efficient signal transmission.
- Glutamate serves as the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, essential for learning and memory processes.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the cerebral cortex and its functions with this quiz! Learn about the different landmarks, such as sulci and gyri, and their roles in specific brain areas. Explore the occipital cortex's role in vision and the parietal cortex's involvement in somatosensation and special cognition.
