Nervous System Overview
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Nervous System Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is one function of the spinal cord?

  • Store memories
  • Control voluntary muscle movements
  • Produce hormones
  • Coordinate involuntary actions (correct)

    • The central nervous system is responsible for producing responses based on information from outside and inside the body.

    True

    What involuntary action occurs when a body part touches a sharp or hot object?

    Rapid removal of the body part

    The portion of the brain responsible for coordination and balance is called the _____ .

    <p>cerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the parts of the brain to their respective functions:

    <p>Cerebrum = Higher cognitive functions such as thought and action Cerebellum = Coordination and balance Medulla oblongata = Involuntary actions such as breathing Spinal cord = Coordination of involuntary responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What material is suggested for constructing a model of the central nervous system?

    <p>Clay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Involuntary actions are not protective and do not help the body.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name two involuntary actions mentioned in the content.

    <p>Knee jerk reflex and urinary bladder contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one function of the tongue?

    <p>Detecting taste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A convex lens is used to correct short-sightedness.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the pupil size in bright light?

    <p>The pupil constricts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ is responsible for converting sound vibrations into nerve signals.

    <p>cochlea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following eye conditions with their corrective lenses:

    <p>Long-sightedness = Convex lenses Short-sightedness = Concave lenses Astigmatism = Cylindrical lenses Presbyopia = Bifocal lenses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a part of the central nervous system?

    <p>Nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The spinal cord is the largest part of the central nervous system.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What two main parts make up the central nervous system?

    <p>Brain and spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The brain is encased inside the ________ to protect it from injury.

    <p>skull</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following parts of the brain with their functions:

    <p>Cerebrum = Responsible for higher brain functions such as thought and action Cerebellum = Coordinates movement and balance Medulla = Controls involuntary functions like breathing and heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following parts of the nervous system transmits information from sense organs?

    <p>Nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The peripheral nervous system consists solely of the brain and spinal cord.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the structure that protects the brain.

    <p>Skull</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can a defect of the spinal cord lead to?

    <p>Paralysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Eating a balanced diet is not important for the health of the nervous system.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended amount of sleep per day to care for the nervous system?

    <p>At least eight hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To reduce the risk of having a stroke, it is better to avoid ______.

    <p>stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following activities with their benefits for the nervous system:

    <p>Getting enough sleep = Calms the brain Eating balanced diet = Provides essential nutrients Physical exercise = Enhances health of the nervous system Avoiding drugs and alcohol = Prevents dysfunction of the nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances adversely affects the nervous system?

    <p>Cigarettes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Proper treatment of sensory organs when attacked by diseases is recommended.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lenses are used to correct short-sightedness?

    <p>Concave lenses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one way to care for the nervous system.

    <p>Exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Long-sightedness is caused by the eye being larger than normal.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed in front of the retina in short-sightedness?

    <p>An image of the object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The defect for being unable to see nearby objects clearly is called __________.

    <p>long-sightedness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the conditions with their characteristics:

    <p>Short-sightedness = Image formed in front of the retina Long-sightedness = Image formed behind the retina Concave lenses = Used to correct short-sightedness Convex lenses = Used to correct long-sightedness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the eye is affected by short-sightedness?

    <p>Lens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    People with hypermetropia can see nearby objects clearly.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In short-sightedness, spectacles with ___________ lenses are prescribed.

    <p>concave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary involuntary actions coordinated by the brain?

    <p>Breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The spinal cord is protected by the interlocking bones of the vertebral column.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of nerves carry information from the spinal cord to the body?

    <p>Motor and sensory nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the spinal cord is injured, communication between the brain and _____ is lost.

    <p>other parts of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following functions to their corresponding involuntary actions:

    <p>Breathing = Involuntary action related to oxygen intake Coughing = Involuntary reflex to clear the throat Digesting food = Involuntary process of breaking down food Sneezing = Involuntary action for expelling air from the nose and mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part connects the spinal cord to the brain?

    <p>Medulla oblongata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The spinal cord is primarily responsible for voluntary actions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one function of the spinal cord.

    <p>Communication between the brain and body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action is NOT considered an involuntary action of the spinal cord?

    <p>Voluntary muscle contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The central nervous system is only responsible for processing information from outside the body.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What material can be used to create a model of the central nervous system?

    <p>Clay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The part of the brain responsible for balance and coordination is the _____ .

    <p>cerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following parts of the brain with their primary functions:

    <p>Cerebrum = Higher cognitive functions Cerebellum = Coordination and balance Medulla oblongata = Involuntary functions like breathing Spinal cord = Reflex actions and neural transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action does the spinal cord coordinate during an involuntary response to a stimulus?

    <p>Knee jerk reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of making a model of the central nervous system includes painting the different clay parts.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nervous system connects the brain to the peripheral nerves?

    <p>Spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is responsible for carrying sensory information from the ear to the brain?

    <p>Auditory nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cornea is a transparent membrane that allows light to pass and focuses it onto the retina.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defect is referred to as myopia?

    <p>Short sightedness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ nerve carries information from sensory organs to the central nervous system.

    <p>sensory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following eye conditions with their characteristics:

    <p>Myopia = Defect of short sightedness Hypermetropia = Defect of long sightedness Iris = Controls the amount of light entering the eye Cornea = Transparent membrane that refracts light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the central nervous system is protected within the vertebral column?

    <p>Spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The vertebral column is responsible for coordinating all body actions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the iris in the eye?

    <p>Controls the amount of light entering the eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ column consists of bones that protect the spinal cord.

    <p>vertebral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the parts of the body with their functions:

    <p>Brain = Coordinates all body actions Spinal cord = Part of central nervous system protected within vertebral column Iris = Controls the amount of light passing through the eye Myopia = Defect of short sightedness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can a defect of the spinal cord lead to?

    <p>Paralysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Eating a balanced diet has no impact on the health of the nervous system.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended amount of sleep per day to care for the nervous system?

    <p>at least eight hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Avoiding __________ can reduce the risk of having a stroke.

    <p>stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following activities with their benefits for the nervous system:

    <p>Getting enough sleep = Calms the brain Eating a balanced diet = Provides essential nutrients Physical exercise = Enhances blood flow Avoiding drugs and alcohol = Protects functioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a suggested way to care for the nervous system?

    <p>Eating junk food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Drug abuse does not influence the decision-making abilities of an individual.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one substance that adversely affects the proper functioning of the nervous system.

    <p>drugs or alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary sensory organ responsible for the sensations of hotness and coldness?

    <p>Skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The outer ear is responsible for interpreting sound waves.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the nerve that transmits information from the nose to the brain?

    <p>olfactory nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The three main parts of the brain are the __________, __________, and __________.

    <p>cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla oblongata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct order of the three bones in the middle ear?

    <p>Hammer, Anvil, and Stirrup</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following eye conditions with their descriptions:

    <p>Short-sightedness = Difficulty seeing distant objects Long-sightedness = Difficulty seeing nearby objects Deafness = Complete or partial inability to hear Anaemia = Condition characterized by a lack of healthy red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The optic nerve is responsible for transmitting information from the retina to the brain.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the ear is responsible for collecting sound waves?

    <p>Outer ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What connects sensory nerves to motor nerves?

    <p>Intermediate nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The central nervous system is made up of nerves outside the brain and spinal cord.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of response does the relay (intermediate) nerves help facilitate?

    <p>Involuntary responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The central nervous system is composed of the brain and the __________.

    <p>spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components of the nervous system with their descriptions:

    <p>Central Nervous System = Brain and spinal cord Peripheral Nervous System = Nerves outside the brain and spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to your foot when it is tapped, based on the activity described?

    <p>The reaction is involuntary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The peripheral nervous system only includes the brain and spinal cord.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the reaction to a knee tap considered involuntary?

    <p>It occurs automatically without conscious control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the functions of the nose?

    <p>To detect smells of different substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The skin only functions to protect the body from external elements.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main parts of the skin?

    <p>upper layer, middle layer, inner layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ carries information from the nose to the brain.

    <p>olfactory nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following functions to the respective parts of the body:

    <p>Nose = Detects smells Skin = Detects sensations of warmth and touch Olfactory nerve = Transmits smell information to the brain Hairs in the nose = Filter particles from the air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of nerves are found in the upper layer of the skin?

    <p>Sensory nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The skin does not have any blood vessels.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Smells travel through the air and enter the _____ when detected.

    <p>nose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the outer ear?

    <p>To collect sound waves and direct them to the middle ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cochlea is responsible for maintaining balance in the body.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three bones found in the middle ear?

    <p>Hammer, anvil, stirrup</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ connects the ear drum to the inner ear to transmit sound vibrations.

    <p>three bones (hammer, anvil, stirrup)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the part of the ear to its function:

    <p>Pinna = Collects sound waves Cochlea = Converts sound vibrations Semi-circular canals = Maintains balance Auditory nerve = Transmits signals to the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the ear contains fluid-filled channels and hair fibers?

    <p>Inner ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ear drum vibrates in response to sound waves.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the hair fibers in the cochlea to stimulate the auditory nerve?

    <p>Sound wave vibrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function is NOT related to the nose?

    <p>Helping in taste perception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The tongue is capable of detecting the taste of a lemon.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the cochlea play in the human body?

    <p>Hearing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A convex lens is used to correct __________.

    <p>long-sightedness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each part of the eye with its function:

    <p>Cornea = Protects and helps focus light Pupil = Regulates the amount of light entering the eye Lens = Bends light rays to focus on the retina Retina = Receives light and converts it to neural signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of melanin in the skin?

    <p>To give colour and protect from sun rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Albinism results in an overproduction of melanin in the skin.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What precaution is advised for individuals with albinism when exposed to sunlight?

    <p>They should wear hats and clothes that cover most of their bodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Albinism can result in little ability to protect the body from __________.

    <p>direct sun rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following disorders with their effects on the nervous system:

    <p>Meningitis = Infection that affects the brain and spinal cord Epilepsy = Causes seizures Polio = Leads to paralysis Leprosy = Affects skin and nerves leading to loss of sensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions can affect the functioning of the nervous system?

    <p>High blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one way to protect the skin of a person with albinism from sunburn.

    <p>Using special lotions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nervous system disorders can only result from genetic factors.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Nervous System

    • The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.
    • The central nervous system (CNS) includes the brain and the spinal cord.
    • The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is made up of all the nerves that lie outside the brain and spinal cord.
    • The brain is the largest and most important part of the CNS.
    • The spinal cord is encased in the skull to protect it from injury.
    • The spinal cord coordinates involuntary actions like knee jerk reflexes, bladder control, and quick reactions to pain.
    • The CNS receives information from within and outside the body and produces responses that are transmitted to other parts of the nervous system or organs.

    Brain Parts

    • Cerebrum is the largest part of the brain.
    • Cerebellum is responsible for balance and coordination.
    • Medulla oblongata controls involuntary actions like breathing and heartbeat.

    Short-sightedness

    • Short-sightedness (myopia) is an eye defect where people can see near objects but not far objects.
    • People with short-sightedness have an eyeball longer than normal or a lens that is too strong.
    • The image is focused in front of the retina instead of directly on it.
    • Concave lenses are used to correct short-sightedness.

    Long-sightedness

    • Long-sightedness (hypermetropia) is an eye defect where people can see far objects but not near objects.
    • People with long-sightedness have an eyeball shorter than normal or a lens that is too weak.
    • The image is focused behind the retina instead of directly on it.
    • Convex lenses are used to correct long-sightedness.

    Nervous System Care

    • Get enough sleep (at least 8 hours).
    • Eat a balanced diet with Vitamin A.
    • Regular exercise is beneficial.
    • Avoid stress to reduce the risk of stroke.
    • Care for your sensory organs with proper treatment when needed.
    • Practice road safety to avoid accidents that could harm the nervous system.
    • Avoid drugs, alcohol, and cigarettes as they negatively affect the nervous system.

    The Medulla Oblongata

    • Coordinates involuntary actions such as breathing, heartbeat, and body temperature regulation
    • Coordinates information transfer between the brain and spinal cord

    The Spinal Cord

    • Part of the central nervous system (CNS)
    • Connected to the medulla oblongata
    • Located in the vertebral column, forming a canal from the neck to the waist
    • Encased in the vertebral column, protecting it from injury
    • Contains motor and sensory nerves that transmit and retrieve information from various parts of the body
    • Facilitates communication between the brain and other parts of the body
    • Coordinates involuntary responses to external stimuli, such as knee jerk reflex, urinary bladder dilation, and rapid withdrawal from hot or sharp objects

    Protecting the Nervous System

    • Crucial for proper body function
    • Maintain good health by getting sufficient sleep (8 hours), eating a balanced diet, regular physical exercise, and regular sensory organ checks
    • Avoid stress, accidents (observe traffic regulations), drug abuse, alcohol, and smoking
    • These substances and practices can negatively impact the proper functioning of the nervous system

    The Nervous System

    • Relay or intermediate nerves carry information from sensory nerves to motor nerves.
    • The Central Nervous System is made up of the brain and spinal cord.
    • The Peripheral Nervous System is made up of nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord.

    How Nerves Work

    • When tapped on the knee, the leg involuntarily kicks.

    The Human Ear

    • The outer ear is made up of the pinna and meatus.
    • The function of the outer ear is to collect sound waves and direct them to the middle ear.
    • The middle ear is made up of the ear drum and three connected bones: the hammer, the anvil, and the stirrup.
    • The function of the middle ear is to receive vibrations from the ear drum and pass them to the inner ear.
    • The inner ear is made up of the semicircular canals and the cochlea.
    • The function of the semicircular canals is to balance the body.
    • The cochlea functions by using fluid and hair fibers to transmit vibrations to the auditory nerve.

    The Human Nose

    • The nose is a protruding organ with two holds.
    • The nose functions in breathing, speaking, and detecting smells.
    • Smell travels through the air and is detected by hairs in the nose that are connected to olfactory nerves.
    • Olfactory nerves carry information from the nose to the brain for interpretation.

    The Human Skin

    • The skin is divided into three layers: the upper layer, the middle layer, and the inner layer.
    • The upper layer has a lot of nerves but the amounts vary, and it contains melanin to protect the body from sun rays.
    • The middle layer has sweat glands.
    • The inner layer contains blood vessels and sensory nerves.

    Disorders of the Nervous System

    • Diseases or high blood pressure can affect the nervous system and cause paralysis.

    Correcting False Statements

    • The nose functions in breathing, speaking, and smelling.
    • The tongue can detect the taste of a lemon.
    • The function of the eye lens is to focus light onto the retina.
    • A convex lens is used to correct far-sightedness.
    • The upper layer of the skin is made up of more nerves than other layers.
    • If the ear drum ruptures, hearing is affected.
    • The cochlea deals with hearing, not body balance.

    The Tongue

    • The tongue functions in tasting, speech, swallowing, and chewing.

    The Eye

    • The eye adjusts to changing light conditions by adjusting the size of the pupil.
    • When a person moves from a bright light to a dim light area, the pupil dilates to let in more light.
    • With a decrease in the pupil's size, less light enters the eye, which can be useful in bright conditions to prevent damage to the retina.
    • With an increase in the pupil's size, more light enters the eye, which allows the person to see better in dim light.

    Eye Conditions

    • A convex lens is used to correct far-sightedness, which occurs when the eye lens has trouble focusing light onto the retina.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the structure and function of the nervous system, including its two main divisions: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). It also delves into the key components of the brain and their roles in regulating involuntary actions. Test your understanding of nervous system anatomy and physiology!

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