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Naming Alkenes and Alkynes
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Naming Alkenes and Alkynes

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Questions and Answers

What characteristic of the double bond in alkenes allows for the formation of cis and trans isomers?

  • The double bond can freely rotate.
  • The double bond is symmetrical.
  • The double bond is rigid and cannot rotate. (correct)
  • The double bond is highly reactive.

    • Which of the following statements about cis-trans isomers is true?

  • Cis-trans isomers are only found in saturated hydrocarbons.
  • Cis-trans isomers can occur even when both carbon atoms are attached to identical groups.
  • All alkenes exhibit cis-trans isomerism.
  • Cis-trans isomers can be identified by placing the prefixes cis- or trans- before their names. (correct)

    • Which of the following compounds is an example of a cis-trans isomer?

  • Benzene
  • Propane
  • cis-1,2-Dibromoethene (correct)
  • Ethylene

    • What is the function of the pheromone bombykol?

    <p>It acts as a chemical messenger to attract other moths.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of ethene (ethylene)?

    <p>It is a saturated hydrocarbon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the IUPAC name for the compound with the structure CH3─C≡C─CH3?

    <p>2-butyne</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In naming alkenes, if both double and triple bonds are present in a compound, how should the substituents be numbered?

    <p>Number nearest to the double bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct IUPAC name for the compound CH3─CH(CH3)─CH=CH─CH3?

    <p>4-methyl-2-pentene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is the correct old system naming for the compound HC≡C─C(CH3)─CH3?

    <p>3-Methyl-1-butyne</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the IUPAC name for a compound with two double bonds and the longest chain being six carbons long?

    <p>Hexadiene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which choice correctly identifies a compound that contains both double and triple bonds?

    <p>Enyne</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For the compound structure CH3─CH2─C≡C─C(CH3)2, what is the best IUPAC name?

    <p>3,3-Dimethyl-1-butyne</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the newer IUPAC name for the structure 4-methyl-2-pentene?

    <p>4-methylpent-2-ene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the IUPAC name for CH2═CH─CH2─CH3?

    <p>1-butene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly identifies the name for CH3─CH═CH─CH3?

    <p>2-butene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct name for CH3─CH═C─CH3 with substituents?

    <p>2-methyl-2-butene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should carbon atoms be numbered in cycloalkenes to denote substituents?

    <p>In a direction that gives the substituents the lowest number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of the physical properties of alkynes?

    <p>No hydrogen bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes a polymer?

    <p>A long chain made of repeating units called monomers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the uses of alkynes in industrial synthesis?

    <p>Starting material for various plastics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes cyclopropyne from typical cyclosubstituted compounds?

    <p>Presence of a triple bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following compounds is commonly known as toluene?

    <p>C6H5CH3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe a benzene ring when it acts as a substituent?

    <p>Phenyl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of disubstituted benzenes, which pair of substituents is in the ortho position?

    <p>Substituent 1 on carbon 1 and Substituent 2 on carbon 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following compounds represents nitrobenzene?

    <p>C6H5NO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Baeyer test in organic chemistry?

    <p>It checks for saturation through the presence of double or triple bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'bromobenzene' refer to?

    <p>C6H5Br</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What requires consideration when naming benzenes with more than two substituents?

    <p>Choose numbers to give the lowest possible values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a meta-disubstituted benzene arrangement?

    <p>Substituents on carbons 1 and 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes unsaturated hydrocarbons compared to saturated hydrocarbons?

    <p>They contain at least one double or triple bond.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct IUPAC naming for the alkene with the formula CH2=CH-CH2-CH3?

    <p>but-1-ene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general formula for alkenes?

    <p>CnH2n</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the bond angle in a molecule containing a double bond according to VSEPR theory?

    <p>120°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does the presence of a double bond have on the shape of alkenes?

    <p>It makes the compound flat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes alkynes?

    <p>They contain triple bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common name for ethyne?

    <p>Acetylene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do you identify the main carbon chain when naming an alkene?

    <p>Look for the longest continuous chain containing the double bond.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Hydrocarbons

    • Are organic compounds consisting only of carbon and hydrogen
    • Can be saturated or unsaturated
    • Saturated hydrocarbons have only single C-C bonds
    • Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain double or triple C-C bonds

    Alkenes and Alkynes

    • Are unsaturated compounds
    • Have fewer hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon chain than alkanes
    • Alkenes contain double C=C bonds
    • Alkynes contain triple C≡C bonds

    Alkenes and Alkynes: Naming

    • The names of alkenes are based on the corresponding alkane name, changing the ending from "-ane" to "-ene"
    • The names of alkynes are based on the corresponding alkane name, changing the ending from "-ane" to "-yne"
    • Numbering the carbon chain starts from the end nearer a double or triple bond.

    Dienes and Trienes

    • Alkenes containing more than one double bond
    • The names of these compounds include "diene", "triene", etc. to indicate the number of double bonds.

    Naming Alkenes and Alkynes with Substituents

    • The IUPAC names for alkenes and alkynes with substituents need to specify the position of both the substituent and the double or triple bond.

    Naming Cycloalkynes

    • The names of cycloalkynes include the prefix "cyclo" followed by the alkane name and "-yne".

    Physical Properties of Alkenes and Alkynes

    • Alkenes and alkynes have low melting and boiling points.
    • These points increase as the number of carbons increases.
    • They are soluble in organic solvents but insoluble in water.
    • The presence of the double or triple bond influences their reactivity.

    Polymers

    • are large, long-chain molecules
    • are often found in nature, such as cellulose, proteins, and DNA
    • are also made synthetically, such as polyethylene, Teflon, and nylon
    • Consist of repeating monomers

    Polymerization

    • Monomers join to form polymers.

    Ethene (Ethylene)

    • Ethene, or ethylene, is the simplest alkene, C2H4.
    • Has two carbon atoms connected by a double bond.
    • Is flat and used to accelerate the ripening of fruits.

    Cis-trans Isomers

    • Cis–trans isomers are possible due to the rigidity and lack of rotation of the double bond.
    • The prefixes "cis" and "trans" indicate the relative positions of substituents on the double bond.

    Pheromones

    • Are chemical messengers emitted by insects.
    • Bombykol is an example with one cis and one trans double bond.

    Aromatic Compounds

    • Characteristic smell or aroma.
    • Benzene is a common aromatic compound from coal distillate.

    Naming Aromatic Compounds

    • Rules for naming aromatic compounds include the use of prefixes like "ortho", "meta", and "para" for disubstituted benzene rings.

    The Phenyl Group

    • "Phenyl" refers to the benzene ring structure (C6H5 -) when it acts as a substituent.
    • "Benzyl" refers to the group (C6H5CH2 -).

    Baeyer Test for Unsaturation

    • This test uses dilute potassium permanganate to oxidize double or triple bonds.
    • The oxidation results in the replacement of the double or triple bond by a hydroxy group (an OH group).

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    Related Documents

    Alkenes and Alkynes Notes PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of hydrocarbons, focusing on the differences between alkenes and alkynes. You'll learn how to name these unsaturated compounds and understand the significance of double and triple carbon bonds. Test your knowledge on the rules of IUPAC naming conventions and their application to these organic compounds.

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