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Questions and Answers
What is the ending for all of the names of alkanes according to IUPAC nomenclature?
What is the ending for all of the names of alkanes according to IUPAC nomenclature?
What is obtained when a hydrogen atom is removed from an alkane?
What is obtained when a hydrogen atom is removed from an alkane?
How do the names of unbranched alkyl groups end?
How do the names of unbranched alkyl groups end?
What determines the parent name for a branched-chain alkane?
What determines the parent name for a branched-chain alkane?
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What is the first step in naming a branched-chain alkane?
What is the first step in naming a branched-chain alkane?
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Why is IUPAC nomenclature used in chemistry?
Why is IUPAC nomenclature used in chemistry?
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What type of compound is obtained when a hydrogen atom is removed from a branched-chain alkane?
What type of compound is obtained when a hydrogen atom is removed from a branched-chain alkane?
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What is the name of the group that updates and develops the IUPAC nomenclature?
What is the name of the group that updates and develops the IUPAC nomenclature?
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When numbering the carbons in a cycloalkane ring with two or more substituents, what should be the starting point?
When numbering the carbons in a cycloalkane ring with two or more substituents, what should be the starting point?
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When naming a cycloalkane with three or more substituents, what is the priority in numbering the carbons?
When naming a cycloalkane with three or more substituents, what is the priority in numbering the carbons?
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In what order should the substituents be listed in the name of a cycloalkane?
In what order should the substituents be listed in the name of a cycloalkane?
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What is the correct name for a compound that has a single ring system attached to a single chain with a greater number of carbon atoms?
What is the correct name for a compound that has a single ring system attached to a single chain with a greater number of carbon atoms?
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How do the IUPAC rules for naming alkenes differ from those for naming alkanes?
How do the IUPAC rules for naming alkenes differ from those for naming alkanes?
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What is the suffix used to form the name of an alkene?
What is the suffix used to form the name of an alkene?
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When naming a cycloalkane, what determines the direction of numbering the carbons in the ring?
When naming a cycloalkane, what determines the direction of numbering the carbons in the ring?
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What is the propyl group derived from?
What is the propyl group derived from?
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What is the correct terminology for a compound that has a single ring system attached to a single chain with a greater number of carbon atoms?
What is the correct terminology for a compound that has a single ring system attached to a single chain with a greater number of carbon atoms?
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What is the 1-methylethyl or isopropyl group derived from?
What is the 1-methylethyl or isopropyl group derived from?
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How are cycloalkanes with one ring and no substituents named?
How are cycloalkanes with one ring and no substituents named?
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What is the name of the cycloalkane with five carbon atoms in the ring?
What is the name of the cycloalkane with five carbon atoms in the ring?
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How are cycloalkanes with one ring and one substituent named?
How are cycloalkanes with one ring and one substituent named?
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What is the name of the cycloalkane with a cyclohexane ring and an attached isopropyl group?
What is the name of the cycloalkane with a cyclohexane ring and an attached isopropyl group?
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Is it necessary to specify a number (locant) for the carbon bearing the substituent in cycloalkanes with one ring and one substituent?
Is it necessary to specify a number (locant) for the carbon bearing the substituent in cycloalkanes with one ring and one substituent?
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What is the general rule for naming cycloalkanes?
What is the general rule for naming cycloalkanes?
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What is the term used to describe identical or substantial groups on the same side of a double bond?
What is the term used to describe identical or substantial groups on the same side of a double bond?
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How are unbranched alkynes named?
How are unbranched alkynes named?
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How is the chain numbered in the case of alkynes?
How is the chain numbered in the case of alkynes?
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What determines the direction of numbering when double and triple bonds are present?
What determines the direction of numbering when double and triple bonds are present?
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What is the term used to describe identical or substantial groups on opposite sides of a double bond?
What is the term used to describe identical or substantial groups on opposite sides of a double bond?
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How are the bond-line formulas for alkenes written?
How are the bond-line formulas for alkenes written?
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What is the purpose of the locants in IUPAC nomenclature?
What is the purpose of the locants in IUPAC nomenclature?
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What is the term used to describe a combination of double and triple bonds in a molecule?
What is the term used to describe a combination of double and triple bonds in a molecule?
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What is the parent name of an alkene with a longest chain containing six carbon atoms?
What is the parent name of an alkene with a longest chain containing six carbon atoms?
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When numbering the chain, where should you begin?
When numbering the chain, where should you begin?
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How do you designate the location of the double bond?
How do you designate the location of the double bond?
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How do you indicate the locations of substituent groups?
How do you indicate the locations of substituent groups?
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What is the rule for numbering substituted cycloalkenes?
What is the rule for numbering substituted cycloalkenes?
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Why is it not necessary to specify the position of the double bond in substituted cycloalkenes?
Why is it not necessary to specify the position of the double bond in substituted cycloalkenes?
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What is the purpose of numbering the chain in alkenes?
What is the purpose of numbering the chain in alkenes?
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What is the format of the locant for the alkene suffix?
What is the format of the locant for the alkene suffix?
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Study Notes
How to Name Alkanes
- The ending for all names of alkanes is -ane.
- The longest continuous chain of carbon atoms determines the parent name for the alkane.
Branched Alkyl Groups
- Branched alkyl groups are derived from propane by removing a hydrogen atom from the central carbon.
- Examples include the propyl group and the 1-methylethyl (isopropyl) group.
How to Name Monocyclic Cycloalkanes
- Cycloalkanes are named by adding "cyclo" before the parent name.
- The number of carbon atoms in the ring is counted, and "cyclo" is added to the beginning of the name of the alkane with that number of carbons.
- For example, cyclopropane has three carbons, and cyclopentane has five carbons.
Cycloalkanes with One Ring and One Substituent
- The name of the substituent is added to the beginning of the parent name.
- For example, cyclohexane with an attached isopropyl group is isopropylcyclohexane.
Cycloalkanes with One Ring and Two or More Substituents
- The carbons in the ring are numbered starting at the carbon with the substituent that is first in the alphabet.
- The direction of numbering is chosen to give the next substituent the lower number possible.
- When there are three or more substituents, begin at the substituent that leads to the lowest set of numbers (locants).
Cycloalkanes with Multiple Rings
- When a single ring system is attached to a single chain with a greater number of carbon atoms, or when more than one ring system is attached to a single chain, the compounds are named as cycloalkylalkanes.
How to Name Alkenes and Cycloalkenes
- The IUPAC rules for naming alkenes are similar to those for naming alkanes.
- The parent name is determined by selecting the longest chain that contains the double bond and changing the ending of the name of the alkane of identical length from –ane to -ene.
- The chain is numbered to include both carbon atoms of the double bond and begin numbering at the end of the chain nearer the double bond.
How to Name Alkynes
- Alkynes are named in much the same way as alkenes.
- Unbranched alkynes are named by replacing the -ane of the name of the corresponding alkane with the ending -yne.
- The chain is numbered to give the carbon atoms of the triple bond the lower possible numbers.
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Description
Learn how to name alkanes and cycloalkanes, including the rules for branched alkyl groups and monocyclic cycloalkanes. Understand the longest continuous chain rule and the importance of the parent name.