Muscular System Quiz: Back and Abdomen

Questions and Answers

Which group of muscles is NOT included in the deep (intrinsic) muscles of the back?

Segmental muscles

Transversospinales

Pectoral muscles (correct)

Erector spinae

Which of the following muscles is classified as a spinotransversales muscle?

Iliocostalis

Longissimus

Splenius cervicis (correct)

Multifidus

Which of the following correctly describes the function of the erector spinae?

Stabilizes the shoulder girdle

Extends the vertebral column (correct)

Rotates the pelvis

Flexes the vertebral column laterally

What distinguishes segmental muscles from other deep back muscles?

They connect only adjacent vertebrae Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles extend from the pelvis to the skull?

Erector spinae Signup and view all the answers

In terms of anatomical organization, how are the back muscles categorized?

Superficial, intermediate, and deep groups Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscle groups is responsible for stabilizing the pelvic floor?

Pelvic floor muscles Signup and view all the answers

Which type of back injury is characterized by a muscle tear rather than involuntary contraction?

Muscle strain Signup and view all the answers

Which group of muscles primarily performs the action of extending the head and neck?

Splenius muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily involved in a back sprain?

Ligamentous tissue only Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by a sudden involuntary contraction of muscle groups?

Muscle spasm Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups of muscles primarily acts on the upper limbs?

Axio-appendicular muscles Signup and view all the answers

What function do pectoralis major and minor primarily serve during deep inspiration?

Elevate the ribs Signup and view all the answers

What typically causes a back strain, according to the content?

Excessively strong muscular contraction Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles fix the ribs to enhance the effectiveness of other muscles during forced inspiration?

Scalene muscles Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a muscle spasm?

Microscopic tearing Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of improperly balanced weight on the vertebral column?

Exerting strain on the muscles Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a role of axio-appendicular muscles?

Reinforce the thoracic wall Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes back strains?

They involve stretching or tearing of muscle fibers. Signup and view all the answers

What is one primary function of the muscles forming a firm, yet flexible wall in the abdomen?

To assist with respiration by pushing the viscera upward Signup and view all the answers

Which physiological actions are the abdominal muscles specifically involved in by increasing intra-abdominal pressure?

Parturition, micturition, and defecation Signup and view all the answers

What does the rectus sheath primarily contain?

The rectus abdominis and pyramidalis muscles Signup and view all the answers

How do the muscles associated with the abdominal wall contribute to posture?

By providing a flexible support that allows movement Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical structure is described as the area of transition between the trunk and the lower limbs?

Pelvis Signup and view all the answers

What key role does the abdominal wall muscles play during coughing or vomiting?

They create intra-abdominal pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the linea alba?

A band of connective tissue in the abdominal wall Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the rectus sheath is true?

It partially encloses the rectus abdominis muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of abdominal muscle contraction on the viscera?

It pushes viscera upward Signup and view all the answers

What defines the primary characteristic of the abdominal wall in relation to injury protection?

It is firm but allows for flexibility Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the diaphragm's structure?

It has a central aponeurotic part from which fiber fibers converge radially. Signup and view all the answers

During inspiration, how does the diaphragm function?

It descends, increasing the thoracic cavity volume. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is NOT classified as an anterolateral muscle?

Serratus anterior Signup and view all the answers

What are the boundaries of the deep perineal pouch?

Anterior - pubic symphysis, Posterior - coccyx, Roof - pelvic floor, Lateral - inferior pubic rami, Base - skin and fascia Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the right crus and the left crus of the diaphragm?

The right crus arises from three or four lumbar vertebrae, while the left arises from two or three. Signup and view all the answers

What structures are located in the urogenital triangle of the perineal region?

Roots of the external genitalia and openings of the urethra and vagina in females Signup and view all the answers

Which abdominopelvic muscle group mainly consists of vertical muscles?

Rectus abdominis Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of fecal incontinence related to the deep perineal pouch?

Tearing of the puborectalis muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the diaphragm?

To serve as the chief muscle of inspiration. Signup and view all the answers

The pyramidalis muscle is characterized as which type of muscle?

Vertical muscle Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding the muscles of the pelvic floor is true?

They contribute to both the anal and urogenital triangles Signup and view all the answers

In terms of abdominal pressure regulation, which muscles are primarily involved?

External and internal oblique muscles Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the anal triangle from the urogenital triangle?

The presence of the external anal sphincter in the anal triangle Signup and view all the answers

What is the overall shape of the deep perineal pouch?

Diamond-shaped Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the right dome of the diaphragm during expiration?

It elevates to the level of the 5th rib. Signup and view all the answers

What defines the central tendon of the diaphragm?

It is the trifoliate structure to which muscular fibers converge. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Muscles of the Back

Organized into superficial, intermediate, and deep groups.
Deep group extends from pelvis to skull; includes:
- Extensors and rotators: splenius capitis and cervicis (spinotransversales).
- Vertebral column extensors and rotators: erector spinae and transversospinales.
- Short segmental muscles: interspinales and intertransversarii.

Strains vs Spasms

Back sprain involves ligamentous tissue, without dislocation or fracture; often caused by strong contractions during vertebral movements.
Back strain is a common sports injury due to overstretching or microscopic tearing of muscle fibers from excessive contraction.
Spasm refers to involuntary muscle contractions as a protective mechanism post-injury or inflammation.

Muscles of Thorax

Alter rib and sternum positions, influencing thoracic volume during breathing.
Axio-appendicular muscles connect thoracic cage to upper limb bones; primarily affect upper limb movement.
Pectoralis major, minor, and the inferior serratus anterior may aid in respiration by elevating ribs during deep inspiration.
Scalene muscles stabilize ribs and assist in elevating lower ribs in forced inspiration.

Muscles of the Abdomen

Comprises five anterolateral muscles:
- Three flat muscles: external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis.
- Two vertical muscles: rectus abdominis and pyramidalis.
Diaphragm is a double-domed musculotendinous partition separating thoracic and abdominal cavities; crucial for inspiration.
Right dome of diaphragm is typically higher due to liver; moves during respiration facilitating air intake.

Functions of Abdominal Muscles

Essential for maintaining normal physiological functions, protecting abdominal organs, and assisting in posture.
Aid in actions increasing intra-abdominal pressure (e.g., parturition, micturition, defecation).
Muscle contractions support quiet and forced expiration, coughing, and vomiting.

Rectus Sheath, Linea Alba, and Umbilical Ring

Rectus sheath: a fibrous compartment for rectus abdominis and pyramidalis, providing support.

Pelvis and Perineum

Pelvis serves as a basin connecting upper trunk to lower limbs.
Perineum comprises the deep perineal pouch, a diamond-shaped area.

Deep Perineal Pouch

Lies beneath the pelvic diaphragm with boundaries defined by:
- Anterior: pubic symphysis.
- Posterior: coccyx tip.
- Roof: pelvic floor.
- Laterally: inferior pubic rami.
- Base: skin and fascia.
Divided into the anal triangle (posterior) and urogenital triangle (anterior), housing external genitalia and anal structures.

Anal Triangle and Urogenital Triangle

Urogenital triangle contains external genitalia roots and openings (urethra, vagina in women).
Anal triangle includes the anus and external anal sphincter; muscle structures are similar in both genders.

Puborectalis Muscle

Tearing of the puborectalis can lead to fecal incontinence, indicating its importance in bowel control.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge on the muscular system with a focus on the muscles of the back, thorax, abdomen, and pelvis. This quiz covers important muscle groups, including erector spinae and suboccipital muscles. Perfect for those studying anatomy and physiology.