Questions and Answers
Which of these are types of muscular tissue?
What is the primary function of the somatic nervous system?
Controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles.
Name the three layers of connective tissue in skeletal muscle.
Epimysium, Perimysium, Endomysium
Electrically excitable tissue can produce action potentials.
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What is the function of myoglobin in muscle tissue?
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The basic functional unit of a myofibril is called a ___ .
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Which proteins are involved in muscle contraction?
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What role does tropomyosin play in muscle contraction?
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Smooth muscle contracts voluntarily.
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Study Notes
Types of Muscular Tissue
- Skeletal muscle: Responsible for voluntary movements.
- Cardiac muscle: Found in the heart, involuntary and striated.
- Smooth muscle: Involuntary muscle found in hollow organs, non-striated.
Functions of Muscular Tissue
- Produces body movements: Engages in both gross movements (walking) and fine movements (grasping objects).
- Stabilizes body positions: Skeletal muscles stabilize body and joints when standing or sitting.
- Stores and moves substances: Smooth muscle sphincters regulate contents in hollow organs like the stomach and bladder.
- Generates heat: Muscle contractions produce heat, significant during shivering.
Properties of Muscular Tissue
- Electrical excitability: Ability to produce electrical impulses in response to stimuli.
- Contractility: Capability to contract powerfully when stimulated by nerves.
- Extensibility: Muscles can stretch without damage up to certain limits.
- Elasticity: Ability to return to original shape after being stretched or contracted.
Gross Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles
- Epimysium: Outer layer encasing the entire muscle, composed of dense irregular connective tissue.
- Perimysium: Surrounds muscle fascicles (bundles of fibers), also made of dense irregular connective tissue.
- Endomysium: Penetrates muscle fascicles, separating individual fibers; primarily composed of reticular fibers.
Cellular Components of a Muscle Fiber
- Sarcolemma: The muscle fiber's plasma membrane, forming T tubules.
- Sarcoplasm: Cytoplasm of the muscle fiber containing myofibrils.
- Myofibril: Bundles of myofilaments critical for muscle contraction.
- Myofilament: Thick (myosin) and thin (actin) filaments giving striated appearance and facilitating contraction.
- Myoglobin: Oxygen-storing pigment that gives muscles a dark-red color.
- T tubule: Ensures rapid action potential transmission and regulates calcium ion concentration.
- Sarcoplasmic reticulum: Storage site for calcium ions essential for muscle contraction.
Microanatomy of Skeletal Muscle Fiber
- Sarcomere: Basic functional unit of a myofibril, defined by Z discs; contains thick and thin filaments.
Components of a Sarcomere
- Myosin and Actin: Thick and thin filaments involved in muscle contraction.
- Organization into various bands and zones contributes to muscle functionality.
Muscle Proteins
- Contractile Proteins: Myosin and Actin facilitate muscle contraction.
- Regulatory Proteins:
- Troponin: Binds calcium ions, regulating contraction by moving tropomyosin.
- Tropomyosin: Covers myosin-binding sites on actin in a relaxed state.
- Structural Proteins:
- Titin: Maintains sarcomere structure.
- Nebulin, Alpha-actin, Myomesin, Dystrophin: Provide structural integrity and support.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the Muscular System, highlighting the different types of muscle tissue including skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. It is designed for students studying Human Anatomy and Physiology as outlined by Elaine N. Marieb and Suzanne M. Keller. Test your knowledge on muscle types and their functions.
