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Questions and Answers
Which muscle primarily enables the mandible to move forward during mastication?
Which muscle primarily enables the mandible to move forward during mastication?
What is the primary function of the masseter muscle?
What is the primary function of the masseter muscle?
Which action is NOT performed by the muscles of mastication?
Which action is NOT performed by the muscles of mastication?
What is the primary role of the muscles of mastication in dentistry?
What is the primary role of the muscles of mastication in dentistry?
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What is the result of difficulties related to the muscles of mastication?
What is the result of difficulties related to the muscles of mastication?
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What is the primary action of the lateral pterygoid muscle?
What is the primary action of the lateral pterygoid muscle?
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Which nerve supplies the medial pterygoid muscle?
Which nerve supplies the medial pterygoid muscle?
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Where does the deep head of the medial pterygoid muscle originate?
Where does the deep head of the medial pterygoid muscle originate?
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Which blood vessels supply the pterygoid muscles?
Which blood vessels supply the pterygoid muscles?
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What is the role of the digastric muscle in relation to mastication?
What is the role of the digastric muscle in relation to mastication?
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What is the primary action of the posterior belly of the digastric muscle?
What is the primary action of the posterior belly of the digastric muscle?
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Which nerve supplies the anterior belly of the digastric muscle?
Which nerve supplies the anterior belly of the digastric muscle?
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What is the blood supply to the posterior belly of the digastric muscle?
What is the blood supply to the posterior belly of the digastric muscle?
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What is the main action of the buccinator muscle?
What is the main action of the buccinator muscle?
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Where does the geniohyoid muscle originate?
Where does the geniohyoid muscle originate?
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Which artery supplies blood to the genioglossus muscle?
Which artery supplies blood to the genioglossus muscle?
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Which of the following muscles aids in deglutition and the opening of the mouth?
Which of the following muscles aids in deglutition and the opening of the mouth?
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What is the insertion point of the buccinator muscle?
What is the insertion point of the buccinator muscle?
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What is the primary action of the masseter muscle?
What is the primary action of the masseter muscle?
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Which nerve supplies the temporalis muscle?
Which nerve supplies the temporalis muscle?
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Where do the deep fibres of the masseter muscle originate from?
Where do the deep fibres of the masseter muscle originate from?
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What is the insertion point for the temporalis muscle?
What is the insertion point for the temporalis muscle?
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What is the main blood supply for the masseter muscle?
What is the main blood supply for the masseter muscle?
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What is the shape of the lateral pterygoid muscle?
What is the shape of the lateral pterygoid muscle?
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Which part of the mandible do the lateral pterygoid muscles insert into?
Which part of the mandible do the lateral pterygoid muscles insert into?
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What action does the anterior fibres of the temporalis muscle perform?
What action does the anterior fibres of the temporalis muscle perform?
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Study Notes
Muscles of Mastication
- Muscles of mastication are responsible for movements of the mandible including protrusion, retraction, elevation, depression, and rotation.
- These muscles allow for chewing, grinding, and other functions.
- Understanding the muscles involved in mastication is essential for dentists in patient management, particularly for understanding issues like pain, trismus, clenching, and grinding.
Principle Muscles
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Masseter:
- A thick, quadrilateral muscle comprised of superficial and deep parts.
- Origin: Arises from the zygomatic arch.
- Insertion: Insertions are on the ramus of the mandible.
- Action: Elevates the mandible.
- Nerve Supply: Masseteric nerve (mandibular nerve).
- Blood Supply: Facial branch of the superficial temporal artery and masseteric branch of the maxillary artery.
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Temporalis:
- Fan-shaped muscle located on either side of the head.
- Origin: Arises from the temporal fossa.
- Insertion: Inserts into the coronoid process of the mandible.
- Action: Elevates the mandible, posterior fibers retract the condyle.
- Nerve Supply: Deep temporal nerves (mandibular nerve).
- Blood Supply: Middle temporal branch of the superficial temporal artery and deep temporal branches of the maxillary artery.
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Lateral Pterygoid:
- Short, thick, triangular muscle with two heads: upper and lower.
- Origin: Upper head arises from the sphenoid bone; lower head arises from the lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone.
- Insertion: Inserts into the pterygoid fovea on the mandible.
- Action: Bilateral contraction opens and protrudes the mandible, alternate contractions allow for grinding or side to side movements.
- Nerve Supply: Lateral pterygoid nerve (mandibular nerve).
- Blood Supply: Pterygoid branches of the maxillary artery.
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Medial Pterygoid:
- Thick, quadrilateral muscle with two heads: deep and superficial.
- Origin: Deep head arises from the lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone; superficial head arises from the maxilla and palatine bone.
- Insertion: Inserts into the medial surface of the ramus and angle of the mandible.
- Action: Elevates the mandible, aids in protrusion alongside the lateral pterygoid muscle.
- Nerve Supply: Medial pterygoid branch of the mandibular nerve.
- Blood Supply: Pterygoid branches of the maxillary artery.
Accessory Muscles
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Digastric:
- Comprised of two bellies, anterior and posterior.
- Origin: Anterior belly from the mandible, posterior belly from the mastoid process.
- Insertion: Both bellies meet at the intermediate tendon above the hyoid bone.
- Action: Depresses the mandible and elevates the hyoid during chewing and swallowing.
- Nerve Supply: Anterior belly (mylohyoid nerve); posterior belly (facial nerve).
- Blood Supply: Anterior belly (submental branch of facial artery); posterior belly (posterior auricular or occipital artery).
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Buccinator:
- Forms the cheek.
- Origin: Arise from the pterygomandibular raphae and buccal alveolar bone.
- Insertion: Fibers run horizontally and blend with the Orbicularis Oris.
- Action: Pulls the corner of the mouth back and compresses the cheek against molars, regulates the vestibular region.
- Nerve Supply: Facial nerve, buccal branch.
- Blood Supply: Facial and maxillary arteries.
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Geniohyoid:
- Narrow muscle situated above the mylohyoid line.
- Origin: Arises from the inferior genial tubercle.
- Insertion: Fibers insert into the body of the hyoid bone.
- Action: Aids in deglutition and opening the mouth.
- Nerve Supply: Hypoglossal nerve.
- Blood Supply: Sublingual branch of the lingual artery.
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Genioglossus:
- Fan-shaped muscle.
- Origin: Arise from the superior genial tubercle.
- Insertion: Inserts on the dorsum of the tongue, superior fibers reach the tip, inferior fibers insert on the hyoid bone.
- Action: Depresses the tongue, inferior fibers retract the tongue, superior fibers protrude the tongue
- Nerve Supply: Hypoglossal nerve.
- Blood Supply: Sublingual branch of the lingual artery and submental branch of the facial artery.
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Description
This quiz covers the muscles of mastication, focusing on their functions in movements like elevation and depression of the mandible. Explore key muscles such as the masseter and temporalis, along with their actions and nerve supplies. Understanding these muscles is crucial for dental professionals in patient management.
