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Questions and Answers
Which movement is NOT associated with the muscles of mastication?
Which movement is NOT associated with the muscles of mastication?
What is the primary clinical concern that can arise from the impact of an inferior alveolar block on the muscles of mastication?
What is the primary clinical concern that can arise from the impact of an inferior alveolar block on the muscles of mastication?
Which muscle of mastication is primarily responsible for the process of elevation of the mandible?
Which muscle of mastication is primarily responsible for the process of elevation of the mandible?
What is the action of the lateral pterygoid muscle during mastication?
What is the action of the lateral pterygoid muscle during mastication?
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Which of the following terms describes the side-to-side movement of the mandible?
Which of the following terms describes the side-to-side movement of the mandible?
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Which muscle is responsible for the depression of the mandible?
Which muscle is responsible for the depression of the mandible?
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What is the main action of the Buccinator muscle?
What is the main action of the Buccinator muscle?
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Which nerve supplies the Anterior Belly of the Digastric muscle?
Which nerve supplies the Anterior Belly of the Digastric muscle?
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Where does the Genioglossus muscle originate?
Where does the Genioglossus muscle originate?
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Which artery supplies blood to the Posterior Belly of the Digastric muscle?
Which artery supplies blood to the Posterior Belly of the Digastric muscle?
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What is the primary action of the Geniohyoid muscle?
What is the primary action of the Geniohyoid muscle?
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How do the superior and inferior fibers of the Genioglossus muscle differ in action?
How do the superior and inferior fibers of the Genioglossus muscle differ in action?
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What role does the Buccinator play in mastication?
What role does the Buccinator play in mastication?
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What is the primary action of the deep masseter muscle?
What is the primary action of the deep masseter muscle?
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Which nerve supplies the temporalis muscle?
Which nerve supplies the temporalis muscle?
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Where do the fibers of the deep masseter muscle originate?
Where do the fibers of the deep masseter muscle originate?
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What is the insertion point for the fibers of the deep masseter?
What is the insertion point for the fibers of the deep masseter?
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Which statement about the action of the temporalis muscle is correct?
Which statement about the action of the temporalis muscle is correct?
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What is the primary blood supply of the temporalis muscle?
What is the primary blood supply of the temporalis muscle?
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What is the origin of the upper head of the lateral pterygoid muscle?
What is the origin of the upper head of the lateral pterygoid muscle?
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Where do the fibers of the lateral pterygoid muscle insert?
Where do the fibers of the lateral pterygoid muscle insert?
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Study Notes
Muscles of Mastication
- Function: Enable movement of the mandible for chewing, grinding, and other functions.
- Types of Movement: Protrusion (forward), Retraction (backward), Elevation (up/close), Depression (down/open), Rotation (side-to-side)
- Clinical Significance: Important for understanding pain during mastication, trismus (difficulty opening), clenching and grinding, and the impact of nerve blocks.
Masseter
- Location: Thick quadrilateral muscle with superficial and deep components.
- Origin: Superficial - Inferior border of zygomatic arch; Deep - Posterior border of zygomatic arch.
- Insertion: Superficial - Lateral surface of the angle of the mandible; Deep - Lateral surface of the ramus of the mandible.
- Action: Elevates and protracts the mandible.
- Nerve Supply: Masseteric nerve (branch of the mandibular nerve).
- Blood Supply: Branches of the superficial temporal artery and maxillary artery.
Temporalis
- Location: Fan-shaped muscle on either side of the head.
- Origin: Temporal fossa, bound by inferior temporal line.
- Insertion: Coronoid process and anterior border of the ramus of the mandible.
- Action: Elevates and retracts the mandible; posterior fibers help retract the head of the mandible into the glenoid fossa.
- Nerve Supply: Deep temporal nerves (branches of the mandibular nerve).
- Blood Supply: Branches of the superficial temporal artery and maxillary artery.
Medial Pterygoid
- Location: Thick, quadrilateral muscle located medial to the lateral pterygoid.
- Origin: Medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate and the tuberosity of the maxilla.
- Insertion: Medial surface of the angle of the mandible.
- Action: Elevates the mandible and assists in protrusion.
- Nerve Supply: Medial pterygoid nerve (branch of the mandibular nerve).
- Blood Supply: Branches of the maxillary artery.
Lateral Pterygoid
- Location: Short, thick, triangular muscle with two heads.
- Origin: Upper head - Infratemporal surface and crest of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone; Lower head - Lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate.
- Insertion: Pterygoid fovea on the anterior surface of the neck of the mandible.
- Action: Protracts the mandible and assists in opening the mouth.
- Nerve Supply: Lateral pterygoid nerve (branch of the mandibular nerve).
- Blood Supply: Branches of the maxillary artery.
Digastric
- Location: Two-bellied muscle located below the mandible.
- Origin: Anterior belly - Digastric fossa on the inner surface of the mandible; Posterior belly - Digastric notch on the mastoid process.
- Insertion: Both bellies unite via intermediate tendon that attaches to the hyoid bone.
- Action: Depresses the mandible and elevates the hyoid bone (during swallowing).
- Nerve Supply: Anterior belly - Mylohyoid nerve (branch of the mandibular nerve); Posterior belly - Digastric branch of the facial nerve.
- Blood Supply: Anterior belly - Submental branch of the facial artery; Posterior belly - Posterior auricular/occipital artery.
Buccinator
- Location: Muscle forms the cheek.
- Origin: Pterygomandibular raphe and the buccal alveolar bone.
- Insertion: Fibers run horizontally and blend with the orbicularis oris.
- Action: Compresses cheek against the buccal surfaces of molars, helps keep food between teeth during chewing.
- Nerve Supply: Facial nerve, buccal branch.
- Blood Supply: Facial and maxillary arteries.
Geniohyoid
- Location: Narrow muscle above the mylohyoid line.
- Origin: Inferior genial tubercle.
- Insertion: Body of the hyoid bone.
- Action: Depresses the mandible.
- Nerve Supply: Hypoglossal nerve.
- Blood Supply: Sublingual branch of the lingual artery.
Genioglossus
- Location: Large, fan-shaped muscle located in the tongue.
- Origin: Superior genial tubercle.
- Insertion: Dorsum of the tongue (superior fibers), body of the hyoid bone (inferior fibers).
- Action: Depresses, retracts, and protrudes the tongue.
- Nerve Supply: Hypoglossal nerve.
- Blood Supply: Sublingual branch of the lingual artery and submental branch of the facial artery.
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