Muscles of Mastication Overview
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Muscles of Mastication Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the origin of the deep part of the masseter muscle?

  • Whole of the medial surface of the zygomatic arch
  • Superior part of the ramus of the mandible
  • Anterior two-thirds of the lower border of the zygomatic arch (correct)
  • Posterior third of the lower border of the zygomatic arch

    • Where do the fibers of the temporalis muscle insert?

  • Outer surface of the ramus of the mandible
  • Top and medial surface of the coronoid process (correct)
  • Ramus above the angle of the mandible
  • Inferior temporal line

    • Which of the following actions does the anterior fibers of the temporalis muscle perform?

  • Depress the mandible
  • Retract the head of the condyle
  • Rotate the mandible
  • Elevate the mandible (correct)

    • What is the nerve supply of the masseter muscle?

    <p>Masseteric nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the blood supply for the deep part of the masseter muscle?

    <p>Masseteric branch of the maxillary artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is described as fan-shaped and situated on either side of the head?

    <p>Temporalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action does the lateral pterygoid muscle primarily perform?

    <p>Protract the mandible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the temporalis muscle?

    <p>Temporal fossa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common action of the masseter muscle?

    <p>Elevates the mandible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery supplies blood to the temporalis muscle?

    <p>Deep temporal branches of the maxillary artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions is NOT performed by the muscles of mastication?

    <p>Flexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the muscles of mastication?

    <p>Movement of the mandible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is primarily associated with the elevation of the mandible?

    <p>Temporalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of muscle arrangement is found in the masseter?

    <p>Quadrilateral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the muscle of mastication assist in trismus?

    <p>By causing jaw clenching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a major way the mandible can move?

    <p>Backward rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is knowledge of the muscles of mastication important in patient management?

    <p>To understand potential pain and discomfort</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of an inferior alveolar block on the muscles of mastication?

    <p>Muscle paralysis and potential bruising</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anatomical term refers to the upward motion of the mandible when chewing?

    <p>Elevation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions could arise from inappropriate use of the muscles of mastication?

    <p>Stress-related pain (masseter pain)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of the lateral pterygoid muscle during bilateral contraction?

    <p>Protrudes and opens the mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the fibers of the lateral pterygoid muscle insert?

    <p>Pterygoid fovea on the neck of the mandible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nerve supply for the medial pterygoid muscle?

    <p>Mandibular nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the origin of the medial pterygoid muscle?

    <p>Large deep head from the medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of the medial pterygoid muscle?

    <p>Elevation of the mandible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which arteries provide blood supply to the pterygoid muscles?

    <p>Pterygoid branches of the maxillary artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the lateral pterygoid muscle contribute to mastication?

    <p>By facilitating side-to-side movements of the mandible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle origins from the digastric fossa on the lower border of the mandible?

    <p>Anterior belly of the digastric muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure anchors the intermediate tendon of the digastric muscle to the hyoid bone?

    <p>Fibrous sling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of alternating contractions of the lateral pterygoid muscles on both sides?

    <p>Side to side grinding movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of the posterior belly of the digastric muscle?

    <p>Depression of the mandible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the anterior belly of the digastric muscle?

    <p>Mylohyoid nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the buccinator muscle?

    <p>Pterygomandibular raphae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action is NOT performed by the genioglossus muscle?

    <p>Elevates the mandible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What supplies blood to the anterior belly of the digastric muscle?

    <p>Submental branch of the facial artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the buccinator muscle?

    <p>Facial nerve, buccal branch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of the geniohyoid muscle?

    <p>Depresses the mandible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery supplies blood to the genioglossus muscle?

    <p>Sublingual branch of the lingual artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the insertion point of the buccinator muscle?

    <p>Corners of the mouth, blending with Orbicularis Oris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the genioglossus muscle?

    <p>Protruding the tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Muscles of Mastication

    • The muscles of mastication are responsible for the movements of the mandible during chewing and grinding.
    • The mandible is able to move in five main ways: protrusion, retraction, elevation, depression, and rotation..
    • The muscles of mastication attach to the mandible and allow for its movement.
    • Understanding these muscles is important for dentists because inflammation, pain, or dysfunction in these muscles can affect patient management.

    Masseter

    • The masseter is a thick quadrilateral muscle with two parts: superficial and deep.
    • The Masseter originates from the zygomatic arch and inserts onto the ramus of the mandible.
    • The masseter acts to elevate the mandible.
    • The masseter is supplied by the masseteric nerve, which is a branch of the mandibular nerve.
    • The masseter is supplied by the facial and maxillary arteries.

    Temporalis

    • The temporalis muscle is situated on either side of the head.
    • The temporalis originates from the temporal fossa and inserts onto the coronoid process and anterior border of the ramus of the mandible.
    • The temporalis acts to elevate and retract the mandible.
    • The temporalis is supplied by the deep temporal nerves, which are branches of the mandibular nerve.
    • The temporalis is supplied by the superficial temporal and maxillary arteries.

    Lateral Pterygoid

    • The lateral pterygoid is a short muscle with two heads: upper and lower.
    • The upper head of the Lateral Pterygoid originates from the greater wing of the sphenoid bone and the lower head originates from the lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone.
    • The Lateral Pterygoid inserts into the pterygoid fovea on the anterior aspect of the neck of the mandible.
    • The Lateral Pterygoid acts to open the mouth, protrude the jaw, and rotate the mandible for side to side movement when acting with the contralateral pterygoid muscle.
    • The Lateral Pterygoid is supplied by the lateral pterygoid nerve, which is a branch of the mandibular nerve.
    • The Lateral Pterygoid is supplied by the maxillary artery.

    Medial Pterygoid

    • The medial pterygoid is a thick quadrilateral muscle.
    • The medial pterygoid originates from two heads: a large deep head from the lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone and a small superficial head from the tuberosity of the maxilla and pyramidal process of the palatine bone.
    • The medial pterygoid inserts into the medial surface of the ramus and angle of the mandible.
    • The medial pterygoid acts to elevate and protrude the jaw.
    • The medial pterygoid is supplied by the medial pterygoid branch of the mandibular nerve.
    • The medial pterygoid is supplied by the maxillary artery.

    Accessory Muscles of Mastication

    Digastric

    • The digastric has two bellies: anterior and posterior.
    • The anterior belly of the digastric originates from the digastric fossa on the mandible and the posterior belly originates from the mastoid process of the temporal bone.
    • Both bellies meet above the hyoid bone and are held by connective tissue.
    • The digastric acts to depress the mandible and elevate the hyoid bone during chewing and swallowing.
    • The anterior belly is supplied by the mylohyoid nerve and the posterior belly is supplied by the facial nerve.
    • The anterior belly is supplied by the submental branch of the facial artery and the posterior belly is supplied by the posterior auricular/occipital artery.

    Buccinator

    • The buccinator muscle makes up the cheek.
    • The buccinator originates from the pterygomandibular raphae and the buccal alveolar bone.
    • The buccinator inserts into the orbicularis oris muscle at the angle of the mouth.
    • The buccinator pulls the corner of the mouth back and compresses the cheek against the buccal surfaces of molars.
    • The buccinator is supplied by the buccal branch of the facial nerve.
    • The buccinator is supplied by the facial and maxillary arteries.

    Geniohyoid

    • The geniohyoid muscle is situated above the mylohyoid line.
    • The geniohyoid originates from the inferior genial tubercle of the mandible.
    • The geniohyoid inserts into the body of the hyoid bone.
    • The geniohyoid acts to depress the mandible and elevate the hyoid bone during swallowing.
    • The geniohyoid is supplied by the hypoglossal nerve.
    • The geniohyoid is supplied by the sublingual branch of the lingual artery.

    Genioglossus

    • The genioglossus originates from the superior genial tubercle.
    • The genioglossus inserts into the dorsum of the tongue.
    • The genioglossus acts to depress, retract and protrude the tongue.
    • The genioglossus is supplied by the hypoglossal nerve.
    • The genioglossus is supplied by the sublingual branch of the lingual artery and the submental branch of the facial artery.

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    Muscles of Mastication PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the muscles involved in mastication, focusing on their functions and importance in dental health. Key muscles like the masseter and temporalis are examined regarding their roles in mandible movement. Understanding these concepts is crucial for effective patient management in dentistry.

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