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Multiple Sclerosis and Myasthenia Gravis Overview
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Multiple Sclerosis and Myasthenia Gravis Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which statement about baclofen should the nurse include in the teaching?

  • This medication may cause your skin to appear yellow in color.
  • This medication may cause your skin to bruise easily.
  • This medication will help you with your tremors. (correct)
  • This medication will help you with your bladder function.

    • What should the nurse advise a client with multiple sclerosis regarding daily activities?

  • Avoid kitchen activities because of the risk of injury.
  • Rely solely on medications for symptom management.
  • Engage in strenuous physical activity to build strength.
  • Keep active, use stress reduction strategies, and avoid fatigue. (correct)

    • Which precaution should the nurse recommend for a client with impaired peripheral sensation?

  • Use heating pads regularly to relieve discomfort.
  • Use very hot bath water for relaxation.
  • Avoid wearing shoes to enhance comfort.
  • Inspect the skin daily for injury or pressure points. (correct)

    • What should the nurse include in the discharge plan regarding physical therapy?

    <p>Consult with Occupational Therapy regarding assistive devices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following practices should a client with multiple sclerosis avoid?

    <p>Using hot water bottles and heating pads.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of using mechanical aids for a client with multiple sclerosis?

    <p>They optimize autonomy and independence in daily activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the significant initial nursing observations for a client with myasthenia gravis?

    <p>Degree of anxiety about her diagnosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which client statement indicates a need for further instruction regarding stress management in multiple sclerosis?

    <p>I will only focus on medication management for my symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements made by a patient indicates a need for further teaching regarding myasthenia gravis?

    <p>I don't need to worry about any dietary changes with my medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a side effect commonly associated with Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol)?

    <p>Euphoria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What measure should a nurse educate a client with multiple sclerosis to prevent injuries during self-care activities?

    <p>Always have someone assist you during self-care.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is commonly used to treat myasthenia gravis?

    <p>Pyrodostigmine bromide (Mestinon)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Pyrodostigmine bromide (Mestinon)?

    <p>Inhibition of the enzyme ACHE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the first week of treatment, what is a possible change in medication dosage for a patient with myasthenia gravis?

    <p>Dosage is changed frequently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary intervention for a myasthenic crisis?

    <p>Monitor respiratory status closely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is affected in myasthenia gravis?

    <p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best recommendation for a patient experiencing end-of-dose wearing off while taking carbidopa/levodopa?

    <p>Add entacapone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement would be an appropriate suggestion for a patient having difficulty walking?

    <p>Using a cane might provide you with the additional support you need while walking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medical condition is indicated by the presence of Brudzinski's sign and Kernig's sign?

    <p>Meningitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What specific issue does a patient experience when they encounter end-of-dose wearing off while using carbidopa/levodopa?

    <p>Decreased medication effectiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What response to the Tensilon (edrophonium chloride) injection would confirm the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis?

    <p>Rapid but brief symptomatic improvement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect of carbidopa/levodopa therapy that should be monitored in patients?

    <p>Parkinsonian dyskinesias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an appropriate intervention for improving mobility in a patient with Parkinson’s disease?

    <p>Suggesting regular use of mobility aids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nursing intervention is appropriate for a patient experiencing muscle weakness due to myasthenia gravis?

    <p>Encourage the patient to rest and conserve energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates that a client diagnosed with myasthenia gravis understands their discharge instructions?

    <p>I will monitor for signs of infection and report them immediately.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a patient diagnosed with Parkinson's disease, what is an important aspect to consider for their care plan?

    <p>Incorporate psychological support services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What parameter should be evaluated regularly in patients taking carbidopa/levodopa?

    <p>Blood pressure levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In preparing a client for the Tensilon test, what should the nurse include in the explanation?

    <p>The response to the medication is crucial in confirming myasthenia gravis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of myasthenia gravis that may be observed?

    <p>Prolonged muscle weakness that worsens with activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which laboratory finding would be indicative of myasthenia gravis?

    <p>Presence of anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the assessment of a patient with myasthenia gravis, which finding would the nurse anticipate?

    <p>Swallowing difficulties and respiratory issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most important nursing goal for a client with myasthenia gravis?

    <p>Maintaining adequate oxygenation and respiratory function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is commonly associated with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis?

    <p>Interferon medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect of immunosuppressive therapy in patients with myasthenia gravis?

    <p>Risk of infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement indicates a lack of understanding of managing myasthenia gravis?

    <p>I will take more beta blockers to manage symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary goal in managing myasthenic crises?

    <p>Reducing the breakdown of acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom might indicate a cholinergic crisis in a patient with myasthenia gravis?

    <p>Chest tightness and facial flushing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended timing of daily activities for a patient with myasthenia gravis to reduce fatigue?

    <p>Doing all chores early in the day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary mechanism through which immunosuppressive therapy helps myasthenia gravis patients?

    <p>Decreases autoantibody production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a non-pharmacological recommendation for managing myasthenia gravis symptoms?

    <p>Maintaining a well-balanced diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Multiple Sclerosis

    • Multiple Sclerosis is a disease that affects the central nervous system
    • Symptoms include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pain.
    • Nurses should counsel clients to keep active, use stress reduction strategies, and avoid fatigue
    • Clients with MS need to consult with health professionals about treatment, assistive devices, and to monitor physical health
    • Nurses should educate clients about the disease, its progression, and how to manage symptoms
    • Nurses should teach clients about the potential side effects of their medications, so they can be aware and report any problems

    Multiple Sclerosis and Safety

    • Nurses should advise clients to test bath water, avoid hot pads, and wear warm clothing in cold temperatures
    • Clients need to be educated about the risks of skin injury and pressure points and to check their skin daily, especially if they have impaired sensation

    Myasthenia Gravis

    • Myasthenia Gravis is an autoimmune disorder that weakens muscles
    • Symptoms include muscle weakness, especially in the face and eyelids
    • Treatment includes immunosuppressive therapy to decrease the production of antibodies
    • Medication is important to manage symptoms and prevent crises
    • Nurses should educate clients about the importance of medication adherence to maintain therapeutic blood levels
    • Nurses should counsel clients on how to prevent myasthenic and cholinergic crises

    Myasthenia Gravis and Cholinergic Crisis

    • Myasthenia Gravis can be managed with medication, and nurses should monitor for signs of crises
    • Nurses should assess clients for signs of aspiration and respiratory distress
    • Clients with myasthenia gravis should avoid activities that exacerbate their symptoms
    • Nurses should encourage clients to report any sign of infection to their health care provider
    • Clients with myasthenia gravis will need to avoid taking beta blockers

    Myasthenia Gravis and Tensilon Test

    • The Tensilon Test involves administering edrophonium chloride ( Tensilon)
    • It is used to diagnose myasthenia gravis.
    • It is effective because it increases acetylcholine in the neuromuscular junction
    • A confirmed diagnoses is achieved when the medication produces a rapid improvement in muscle strength

    Myasthenia Gravis and Treatment

    • The Tensilon test is used to make the diagnosis.
    • Immunosuppressives are used to manage the disease because they suppress the immune system.
    • In managing myasthenia gravis a client should report any signs of infection to their physician.
    • Thymectomy (removal of the thymus gland) can help reduce symptoms.
    • Plasmapheresis is used to remove antibodies from the blood temporarily.
    • Nurses should instruct clients on how to manage their medications, physical activity, and report any signs of infection.

    Myasthenia Gravis and Discharge

    • Nurses should teach clients about the importance of medication adherence
    • Clients should understand the signs of myasthenic and cholinergic crises
    • Nurses should educate clients about the importance of following their treatment plan to maintain their strength and independence to ensure a successful discharge.

    Parkinson’s Disease

    • Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects movement
    • Symptoms include tremors, rigidity, and slow movements.
    • Treatment is focused on managing symptoms and improving quality of life
    • Nurses should monitor for side effects of drugs like carbidopa/levodopa which include nausea, dizziness, and agitation.
    • Nurses should provide emotional support and educate patients about their condition
    • Clients should be encouraged to practice physical exercise to help manage their symptoms
    • Nurses should monitor for drug efficacy and adverse effects.
    • Nurses should consider Deep-Brain Stimulation (DBS) as a therapeutic intervention option.
    • Nurses can provide assistive devices like canes to improve mobility.
    • Nurses should provide reassurance and education about the disease.
    • The nurse should be knowledgeable about Brudzinski’s and Kernig’s signs which are significant indicators of a possible meningitis diagnosis.

    Dementia

    • Dementia is a progressive decline in cognitive function that interferes with daily life.
    • Nurses should be aware of the signs and symptoms of dementia.
    • Nurses should provide education and resources for families and caregivers.
    • Nurses need to understand that dementia can manifest in various ways, and clients may exhibit different levels of cognitive decline.
    • Nurses need to tailor their care plans to the individual needs of each client, considering their cognitive function, physical abilities, and personal preferences.
    • Nurses are responsible for creating a safe and supportive environment for individuals with dementia.
    • Nurses can implement strategies to minimize confusion and anxiety, such as creating a structured routine and providing clear communication.

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    Description

    This quiz covers critical information about Multiple Sclerosis and Myasthenia Gravis, focusing on symptoms, management strategies, and safety advice for patients. It also emphasizes the role of nurses in educating and supporting clients with these conditions. Test your knowledge on these important neurodegenerative disorders.

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