32 Questions
What is the age range commonly affected by Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS)?
20 to 40 years old
Which factor is NOT considered a cause or risk factor for Relapse Remitting MS (RRMS)?
High cholesterol levels
What are the primary areas mainly affected by Relapse Remitting MS (RRMS)?
Cerebellum and spinal cord
Which symptom is associated with Primary Progressive MS?
Gait and mobility changes
What does CIS stand for in the context of Multiple Sclerosis?
Clinically Isolated Syndrome
Which virus exposure is NOT listed as a potential infection related to Relapse Remitting MS (RRMS)?
Hepatitis C virus
What does the Evoked Potential Test (EPT) measure?
The time it takes for nerves to respond to stimulation and the size of the response
Which type of MRI scan is commonly used in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis?
Visual evoked response or potential (VER or VEP)
What is the purpose of recording each type of response from brain waves during the Evoked Potential Test (EPT)?
To measure the time between stimulation and response, indicating nerve speed
Which medication works by changing the way the immune system functions in multiple sclerosis patients?
Fingolimod (Gilenya)
What is a common symptom associated with Secondary Progressive MS (SPMS)?
Muscle weakness
During which stage of multiple sclerosis would a person experience episodes of relapse and remission?
(RRMS) Relapse Remitting MS
What is measured in a normal Evoked Potential Test (EPT) result?
The time between stimulation and nerve response within the normal range
Which type of MRI scan measures the time it takes for nerves to respond to stimulation?
Visual evoked response or potential (VER or VEP)
Which medication is associated with adverse effects on the eyes and hepatotoxicity in multiple sclerosis patients?
Natalizumab (Tysabri)
What is a primary characteristic of the EPT procedure?
It typically takes half an hour or longer to do
Which age group is commonly affected by Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS) in multiple sclerosis?
20 to 40 years old
What is the main characteristic of Relapse Remitting MS (RRMS)?
Episodes of symptoms followed by periods of remission
Which infection exposure is NOT listed as a potential cause of Relapse Remitting MS (RRMS)?
Varicella zoster virus
What is the primary area mainly affected by Relapse Remitting MS (RRMS)?
Brain and spinal cord
Which symptom is associated with Primary Progressive MS?
Continuous deterioration without any periods of improvement
What is the primary cause of Multiple Sclerosis according to the given text?
Genetic factors and autoimmune response
What is the purpose of using electrodes taped to the head and conducting gel in the Evoked Potential Test (EPT)?
To measure the size of the response from brain waves
Which medication for multiple sclerosis is associated with adverse effects on the eyes and hepatotoxicity?
Fingolimod (Gilenya)
What does Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS) stand for in the context of Multiple Sclerosis?
Clinically Isolated Symptom
Which type of MRI scan measures the time it takes for nerves to respond to stimulation?
Visual evoked response or potential (VER or VEP)
During which stage of multiple sclerosis would a person experience episodes of relapse and remission?
Relapse Remitting MS (RRMS)
Which symptom is commonly associated with Secondary Progressive MS (SPMS)?
(SPMS) Muscle weakness and spasticity
What is a primary characteristic of the EPT procedure?
It measures the time between stimulation and normal response range
Which virus exposure is NOT listed as a potential infection related to Relapse Remitting MS (RRMS)?
(RRMS) Cytomegalovirus exposure
What is measured in a normal Evoked Potential Test (EPT) result?
The time it takes for nerves to respond within the normal range
What does the Evoked Potential Test (EPT) measure?
The time between stimulation and abnormal response times in nerves
Study Notes
Multiple Sclerosis
- Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS) typically affects individuals between the ages of 20 and 50.
Relapse Remitting MS (RRMS)
- Age range affected: 20-50 years old
- Primary areas affected: brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves
- Characterized by episodes of relapse and remission
- NOT caused by: poor diet
- NOT caused by: lack of exercise
- NOT caused by: vaccination
- NOT caused by: Epstein-Barr virus exposure
Primary Progressive MS (PPMS)
- Characterized by: worsening of symptoms over time
- Common symptom: vision problems
Evoked Potential Test (EPT)
- Measures: speed of nerve signals in response to stimuli
- Purpose: to diagnose and monitor MS
- Uses: electrodes taped to the head, conducting gel
- Normal result: nerve signals are transmitted quickly
- Primary characteristic: uses electrical impulses to measure nerve response
- Type of MRI scan: Functional MRI (fMRI)
Medications and Side Effects
- Medication that changes the immune system's function: immunomodulators
- Medication associated with eye problems and liver damage: Mitoxantrone
Stages of Multiple Sclerosis
- Relapse Remitting MS (RRMS): characterized by episodes of relapse and remission
- Secondary Progressive MS (SPMS): characterized by gradual worsening of symptoms
- Primary Progressive MS (PPMS): characterized by gradual worsening of symptoms from onset
Note: The primary cause of Multiple Sclerosis is unknown.
This quiz covers the types and causes of multiple sclerosis, a chronic disease that affects the central nervous system. It includes information about Clinically Isolated Syndrome, Relapse Remitting MS, genetic factors, and risk factors such as smoking and infections.
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