Multiple Myeloma: Types, Demographics, and Pathophysiology
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Questions and Answers

What effect does irradiated or leukocyte-depleted blood have on the immune system of cancer patients?

  • Stimulation of the immune system
  • Enhancement of cancer metastasis
  • Offset of depression of the immune system by donor leukocytes (correct)
  • Inhibition of the adaptive immune system

    • What is the blood glucose level below which the effects of hyperglycemia on the immune system are attenuated?

  • 180 mg/dL
  • 150 mg/dL
  • 250 mg/dL
  • 200 mg/dL (correct)

    • What is the core body temperature below which hypothermia is classified and is associated with increased incidence of SSIs?

  • 36°C (correct)
  • 37°C
  • 34°C
  • 35°C

    • What is the effect of hypothermia on blood loss during surgery?

    <p>Increased blood loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of transfusion is associated with a similar risk of cancer metastasis as allogenic transfusions?

    <p>Leukocyte-reduced transfusions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common age group affected by Multiple Myeloma?

    <p>Individuals over the age of 50</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of even transient episodes of hyperglycemia on the immune system?

    <p>Depression of immune function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of myeloma cells on the bone marrow?

    <p>Crowding out of normal stem cells, interfering with production of WBCs, RBCs, and platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of Multiple Myeloma on the kidneys?

    <p>Abnormal protein deposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of surgery on the immune system?

    <p>Generalized state of immunosuppression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the abnormal proteins produced by myeloma cells?

    <p>M protein microglobulins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of Multiple Myeloma on the bones?

    <p>Erosion of the cortex of bone, leading to osteoporosis and bone fractures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of HIV on the immune system?

    <p>It attacks CD4 T cells, disrupting the immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)?

    <p>A combined deficiency of B and T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of Leukemia?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a risk factor for Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL)?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of Reed-Sternberg cells in Hodgkin Lymphoma?

    <p>They secrete cytokines and TGF-β, inducing infiltration of inflammatory cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 5-year relative survival rate for Multiple Myeloma?

    <p>48.5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

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