Multiple Myeloma: Types, Demographics, and Pathophysiology

What effect does irradiated or leukocyte-depleted blood have on the immune system of cancer patients?

Offset of depression of the immune system by donor leukocytes

What is the blood glucose level below which the effects of hyperglycemia on the immune system are attenuated?

200 mg/dL

What is the core body temperature below which hypothermia is classified and is associated with increased incidence of SSIs?

36°C

What is the effect of hypothermia on blood loss during surgery?

Increased blood loss Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transfusion is associated with a similar risk of cancer metastasis as allogenic transfusions?

Leukocyte-reduced transfusions Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common age group affected by Multiple Myeloma?

Individuals over the age of 50 Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of even transient episodes of hyperglycemia on the immune system?

Depression of immune function Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of myeloma cells on the bone marrow?

Crowding out of normal stem cells, interfering with production of WBCs, RBCs, and platelets Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of Multiple Myeloma on the kidneys?

Abnormal protein deposition Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of surgery on the immune system?

Generalized state of immunosuppression Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the abnormal proteins produced by myeloma cells?

M protein microglobulins Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of Multiple Myeloma on the bones?

Erosion of the cortex of bone, leading to osteoporosis and bone fractures Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of HIV on the immune system?

It attacks CD4 T cells, disrupting the immune response Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)?

A combined deficiency of B and T cells Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of Leukemia?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is a risk factor for Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL)?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of Reed-Sternberg cells in Hodgkin Lymphoma?

They secrete cytokines and TGF-β, inducing infiltration of inflammatory cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the 5-year relative survival rate for Multiple Myeloma?

48.5% Signup and view all the answers