Multiple Myeloma: Types, Demographics, and Pathophysiology
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Questions and Answers

What effect does irradiated or leukocyte-depleted blood have on the immune system of cancer patients?

  • Stimulation of the immune system
  • Enhancement of cancer metastasis
  • Offset of depression of the immune system by donor leukocytes (correct)
  • Inhibition of the adaptive immune system

What is the blood glucose level below which the effects of hyperglycemia on the immune system are attenuated?

  • 180 mg/dL
  • 150 mg/dL
  • 250 mg/dL
  • 200 mg/dL (correct)

What is the core body temperature below which hypothermia is classified and is associated with increased incidence of SSIs?

  • 36°C (correct)
  • 37°C
  • 34°C
  • 35°C

What is the effect of hypothermia on blood loss during surgery?

<p>Increased blood loss (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transfusion is associated with a similar risk of cancer metastasis as allogenic transfusions?

<p>Leukocyte-reduced transfusions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common age group affected by Multiple Myeloma?

<p>Individuals over the age of 50 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of even transient episodes of hyperglycemia on the immune system?

<p>Depression of immune function (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of myeloma cells on the bone marrow?

<p>Crowding out of normal stem cells, interfering with production of WBCs, RBCs, and platelets (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of Multiple Myeloma on the kidneys?

<p>Abnormal protein deposition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of surgery on the immune system?

<p>Generalized state of immunosuppression (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the abnormal proteins produced by myeloma cells?

<p>M protein microglobulins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of Multiple Myeloma on the bones?

<p>Erosion of the cortex of bone, leading to osteoporosis and bone fractures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of HIV on the immune system?

<p>It attacks CD4 T cells, disrupting the immune response (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)?

<p>A combined deficiency of B and T cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of Leukemia?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a risk factor for Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL)?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of Reed-Sternberg cells in Hodgkin Lymphoma?

<p>They secrete cytokines and TGF-β, inducing infiltration of inflammatory cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the 5-year relative survival rate for Multiple Myeloma?

<p>48.5% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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