20 Questions
In a traditional teleprocessing architecture, where is all processing performed?
Within the boundaries of the same physical computer
What was a significant burden on the central computer in the traditional teleprocessing architecture?
Running application programs and the DBMS
In a file-server architecture, where do the applications and the DBMS run?
On each workstation
What is the primary purpose of a file server in a file-server architecture?
Providing shared storage for computer files
Which middleware product is a commercial ORB middleware product?
Orbix by Progress Software
Which standard enables software components across languages and computers to work together?
CORBA by OMG
Which technology provides a single interface for accessing various databases?
ODBC and JDBC
What do Web services support?
Interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network
What is the main function of application servers in a multi-tier architecture?
Hosting an API for business logic and processes
Which technology is a standard for server programming in Java?
Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (JEE)
What is the primary purpose of middleware in distributed systems?
Connect software components and allow communication
What is a key feature of message-oriented middleware (MOM)?
Supports asynchronous calls between client and server applications
What is a disadvantage of file-server architecture?
Large network traffic
What are the components of data-intensive business applications?
Database, transaction logic, business and data application logic, user interface
What does the three-tier client–server architecture consist of?
User interface layer, business logic and data processing layer, DBMS layer
What did the three-tier design in 1995 address?
Traditional two-tier client–server architecture for enterprise scalability
What are some key technologies and standards in Web services?
XML, SOAP, WSDL, UDDI
What is the emphasis of RESTful Web services?
Moving away from SOAP-based services towards REST-based communications
What is a business-centric software architecture for building applications that implement business processes as sets of services published at a relevant granularity to the service consumer?
Service-Oriented Architectures (SOA)
What are some common SOA principles?
Loose coupling, reusability, adherence to a communications contract defining information exchange and service description information
Study Notes
Web Services, REST, and Service-Oriented Architectures
- Web services examples include Microsoft Bing Maps, Google Maps, Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3), Geonames, DOTS Web services, and Xignite
- Amazon S3 charges are based on a "pay-as-you-go" policy, currently $0.125 per GB for the first 50TB/month of storage used
- Key technologies and standards in Web services include XML, SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), WSDL (Web Services Description Language), and UDDI (Universal Discovery, Description, and Integration)
- RESTful Web services emphasize moving away from SOAP-based services towards Representational State Transfer (REST) based communications
- REST services do not require XML, SOAP, WSDL, or UDDI definitions, and are based on an architectural style that specifies constraints for desirable properties
- REST architecture style adopts a client-server architecture, uses a stateless communication protocol, and exchanges representations of resources using a standardized interface and protocol
- Service-Oriented Architectures (SOA) is a business-centric software architecture for building applications that implement business processes as sets of services published at a granularity relevant to the service consumer
- SOA emphasizes flexibility and reusability as key requirements for businesses in a rapidly changing technological landscape
- SOA architecture typically involves three processes: Service Scheduling, Order Processing, and Account Management, each accessing a number of databases
- SOA aims to design loosely coupled and autonomous services that can be combined to provide flexible composite business processes and applications
- Common SOA principles include loose coupling, reusability, and adherence to a communications contract defining information exchange and service description information
- SOA design approach focuses on building Web services for SOA with an emphasis on loose coupling, reusability, and adherence to communication contracts.
Learn about the middle tier of the architecture and how it can be split into web servers and application servers, as well as the concept of a web farm for load balancing. Explore the hosting of application programming interfaces (API) and the exposure of business logic and processes for use by other applications.
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