Multi-Tier Architecture and Load Balancing

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Questions and Answers

In a traditional teleprocessing architecture, where is all processing performed?

Within the boundaries of the same physical computer (correct)

On a separate dedicated server

Distributed across the network

At the user's terminal

What was a significant burden on the central computer in the traditional teleprocessing architecture?

Running application programs and the DBMS (correct)

Formatting data for display on the screen

Managing the network traffic

Communicating with the terminals

In a file-server architecture, where do the applications and the DBMS run?

On a separate dedicated server

At the file server

On each workstation (correct)

Distributed across the network

What is the primary purpose of a file server in a file-server architecture?

Providing shared storage for computer files Signup and view all the answers

Which middleware product is a commercial ORB middleware product?

Orbix by Progress Software Signup and view all the answers

Which standard enables software components across languages and computers to work together?

CORBA by OMG Signup and view all the answers

Which technology provides a single interface for accessing various databases?

ODBC and JDBC Signup and view all the answers

What do Web services support?

Interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of application servers in a multi-tier architecture?

Hosting an API for business logic and processes Signup and view all the answers

Which technology is a standard for server programming in Java?

Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (JEE) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of middleware in distributed systems?

Connect software components and allow communication Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of message-oriented middleware (MOM)?

Supports asynchronous calls between client and server applications Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of file-server architecture?

Large network traffic Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of data-intensive business applications?

Database, transaction logic, business and data application logic, user interface Signup and view all the answers

What does the three-tier client–server architecture consist of?

User interface layer, business logic and data processing layer, DBMS layer Signup and view all the answers

What did the three-tier design in 1995 address?

Traditional two-tier client–server architecture for enterprise scalability Signup and view all the answers

What are some key technologies and standards in Web services?

XML, SOAP, WSDL, UDDI Signup and view all the answers

What is the emphasis of RESTful Web services?

Moving away from SOAP-based services towards REST-based communications Signup and view all the answers

What is a business-centric software architecture for building applications that implement business processes as sets of services published at a relevant granularity to the service consumer?

Service-Oriented Architectures (SOA) Signup and view all the answers

What are some common SOA principles?

Loose coupling, reusability, adherence to a communications contract defining information exchange and service description information Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Web Services, REST, and Service-Oriented Architectures

Web services examples include Microsoft Bing Maps, Google Maps, Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3), Geonames, DOTS Web services, and Xignite
Amazon S3 charges are based on a "pay-as-you-go" policy, currently $0.125 per GB for the first 50TB/month of storage used
Key technologies and standards in Web services include XML, SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), WSDL (Web Services Description Language), and UDDI (Universal Discovery, Description, and Integration)
RESTful Web services emphasize moving away from SOAP-based services towards Representational State Transfer (REST) based communications
REST services do not require XML, SOAP, WSDL, or UDDI definitions, and are based on an architectural style that specifies constraints for desirable properties
REST architecture style adopts a client-server architecture, uses a stateless communication protocol, and exchanges representations of resources using a standardized interface and protocol
Service-Oriented Architectures (SOA) is a business-centric software architecture for building applications that implement business processes as sets of services published at a granularity relevant to the service consumer
SOA emphasizes flexibility and reusability as key requirements for businesses in a rapidly changing technological landscape
SOA architecture typically involves three processes: Service Scheduling, Order Processing, and Account Management, each accessing a number of databases
SOA aims to design loosely coupled and autonomous services that can be combined to provide flexible composite business processes and applications
Common SOA principles include loose coupling, reusability, and adherence to a communications contract defining information exchange and service description information
SOA design approach focuses on building Web services for SOA with an emphasis on loose coupling, reusability, and adherence to communication contracts.

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Description

Learn about the middle tier of the architecture and how it can be split into web servers and application servers, as well as the concept of a web farm for load balancing. Explore the hosting of application programming interfaces (API) and the exposure of business logic and processes for use by other applications.