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Questions and Answers
In the traditional teleprocessing architecture for multi-user systems, where is all processing performed?
What was a significant burden on the central computer in the traditional teleprocessing architecture?
In a file-server architecture, where do applications and the DBMS run?
What is the primary purpose of a file server in a file-server environment?
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Which type of middleware allows subscribers to receive messages without knowledge of publishers?
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What is a standard for server programming in Java?
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Which middleware type defines six main types, including asynchronous and synchronous RPC?
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What does the .NET Framework offer for middle-tier development?
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What is a disadvantage of the file-server architecture mentioned in the text?
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What are the major components of data-intensive business applications according to the text?
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In a three-tier client–server architecture, where does the user interface layer typically run?
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What did the three-tier design in 1995 address for enterprise scalability?
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What is the emphasis of RESTful Web services?
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What is a key technology or standard in Web services?
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What does Amazon S3 charge for storage usage?
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What is a common principle of Service-Oriented Architectures (SOA)?
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What is the purpose of Transaction Processing Monitors (TP Monitors)?
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What does the Java Transaction API (JTA) enable in a Java environment?
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What is the primary function of Web services?
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What is the role of Database-oriented middleware like ODBC and JDBC?
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Which technology is NOT a key component of Web services?
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What is the primary focus of RESTful Web services?
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What does Amazon S3 charge for the first 50TB/month of storage used?
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What is the primary goal of Service-Oriented Architectures (SOA)?
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Which architecture style adopts a client-server architecture and uses a stateless communication protocol?
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Study Notes
Multi-User DBMS Architectures Overview
- CORBA is a standard by OMG that enables software components across languages and computers to work together.
- Orbix by Progress Software is a commercial ORB middleware product.
- SQL-oriented data access middleware connects applications with databases and translates SQL requests.
- Database-oriented middleware like ODBC and JDBC provide a single interface for accessing various databases.
- Transaction Processing Monitors (TP Monitors) provide a consistent environment for online transaction processing.
- TP Monitors manage distributed transactions and provide load balancing and funneling.
- They control transactions using the X/Open Distributed Transaction Processing (DTP) standard.
- TP Monitors act as transaction managers and maintain database consistency, offloading processes from the DBMS server.
- Prominent examples of TP Monitors include CICS and Tuxedo from Oracle Corporation.
- The Java Transaction API (JTA) enables distributed transactions in a Java environment.
- Web services support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network.
- Unlike other Web-based applications, Web services have no user interface and share business logic, data, and processes programmatically across a network.
Web Services, REST, and Service-Oriented Architectures
- Web services examples include Microsoft Bing Maps, Google Maps, Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3), Geonames, DOTS Web services, and Xignite
- Amazon S3 charges are based on a "pay-as-you-go" policy, currently $0.125 per GB for the first 50TB/month of storage used
- Key technologies and standards in Web services include XML, SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), WSDL (Web Services Description Language), and UDDI (Universal Discovery, Description, and Integration)
- RESTful Web services emphasize moving away from SOAP-based services towards Representational State Transfer (REST) based communications
- REST services do not require XML, SOAP, WSDL, or UDDI definitions, and are based on an architectural style that specifies constraints for desirable properties
- REST architecture style adopts a client-server architecture, uses a stateless communication protocol, and exchanges representations of resources using a standardized interface and protocol
- Service-Oriented Architectures (SOA) is a business-centric software architecture for building applications that implement business processes as sets of services published at a granularity relevant to the service consumer
- SOA emphasizes flexibility and reusability as key requirements for businesses in a rapidly changing technological landscape
- SOA architecture typically involves three processes: Service Scheduling, Order Processing, and Account Management, each accessing a number of databases
- SOA aims to design loosely coupled and autonomous services that can be combined to provide flexible composite business processes and applications
- Common SOA principles include loose coupling, reusability, and adherence to a communications contract defining information exchange and service description information
- SOA design approach focuses on building Web services for SOA with an emphasis on loose coupling, reusability, and adherence to communication contracts.
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Description
Test your knowledge on multi-tier architecture, application servers, and load balancing in high throughput environments. Learn about the roles of web servers and application servers in a multi-user DBMS architecture.