Multi-Tier Architecture and Load Balancing Quiz

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Questions and Answers

In the traditional teleprocessing architecture for multi-user systems, where is all processing performed?

Primarily on the terminals

Routed through the communications control subsystem

Distributed across multiple physical computers

Within the boundaries of the same physical computer (correct)

What was a significant burden on the central computer in the traditional teleprocessing architecture?

Running application programs and the DBMS (correct)

Routing messages to user's terminals

Carrying out work on behalf of the terminals

Formatting data for display on the screen

In a file-server architecture, where do applications and the DBMS run?

On the file server

On a centralized mainframe

On a separate dedicated server

On each workstation (correct)

What is the primary purpose of a file server in a file-server environment?

Providing shared storage for computer files Signup and view all the answers

Which type of middleware allows subscribers to receive messages without knowledge of publishers?

Publish/subscribe middleware Signup and view all the answers

What is a standard for server programming in Java?

Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (JEE) Signup and view all the answers

Which middleware type defines six main types, including asynchronous and synchronous RPC?

Hurwitz Signup and view all the answers

What does the .NET Framework offer for middle-tier development?

.NET Framework is Microsoft’s offering for middle-tier development Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of the file-server architecture mentioned in the text?

Large network traffic Signup and view all the answers

What are the major components of data-intensive business applications according to the text?

Database, transaction logic, business and data application logic, user interface Signup and view all the answers

In a three-tier client–server architecture, where does the user interface layer typically run?

On end user’s computer Signup and view all the answers

What did the three-tier design in 1995 address for enterprise scalability?

Traditional two-tier client–server architecture Signup and view all the answers

What is the emphasis of RESTful Web services?

Moving away from SOAP-based services Signup and view all the answers

What is a key technology or standard in Web services?

SOAP Signup and view all the answers

What does Amazon S3 charge for storage usage?

$0.125 per GB for the first 50TB/month Signup and view all the answers

What is a common principle of Service-Oriented Architectures (SOA)?

Loose coupling Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Transaction Processing Monitors (TP Monitors)?

Managing distributed transactions and providing load balancing and funneling Signup and view all the answers

What does the Java Transaction API (JTA) enable in a Java environment?

Distributed transactions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Web services?

Supporting interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Database-oriented middleware like ODBC and JDBC?

Providing a single interface for accessing various databases Signup and view all the answers

Which technology is NOT a key component of Web services?

JSON Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of RESTful Web services?

Standardized interface and protocol Signup and view all the answers

What does Amazon S3 charge for the first 50TB/month of storage used?

$0.125 per GB Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of Service-Oriented Architectures (SOA)?

Flexibility and reusability Signup and view all the answers

Which architecture style adopts a client-server architecture and uses a stateless communication protocol?

REST architecture Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Multi-User DBMS Architectures Overview

CORBA is a standard by OMG that enables software components across languages and computers to work together.
Orbix by Progress Software is a commercial ORB middleware product.
SQL-oriented data access middleware connects applications with databases and translates SQL requests.
Database-oriented middleware like ODBC and JDBC provide a single interface for accessing various databases.
Transaction Processing Monitors (TP Monitors) provide a consistent environment for online transaction processing.
TP Monitors manage distributed transactions and provide load balancing and funneling.
They control transactions using the X/Open Distributed Transaction Processing (DTP) standard.
TP Monitors act as transaction managers and maintain database consistency, offloading processes from the DBMS server.
Prominent examples of TP Monitors include CICS and Tuxedo from Oracle Corporation.
The Java Transaction API (JTA) enables distributed transactions in a Java environment.
Web services support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network.
Unlike other Web-based applications, Web services have no user interface and share business logic, data, and processes programmatically across a network.

Web Services, REST, and Service-Oriented Architectures

Web services examples include Microsoft Bing Maps, Google Maps, Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3), Geonames, DOTS Web services, and Xignite
Amazon S3 charges are based on a "pay-as-you-go" policy, currently $0.125 per GB for the first 50TB/month of storage used
Key technologies and standards in Web services include XML, SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), WSDL (Web Services Description Language), and UDDI (Universal Discovery, Description, and Integration)
RESTful Web services emphasize moving away from SOAP-based services towards Representational State Transfer (REST) based communications
REST services do not require XML, SOAP, WSDL, or UDDI definitions, and are based on an architectural style that specifies constraints for desirable properties
REST architecture style adopts a client-server architecture, uses a stateless communication protocol, and exchanges representations of resources using a standardized interface and protocol
Service-Oriented Architectures (SOA) is a business-centric software architecture for building applications that implement business processes as sets of services published at a granularity relevant to the service consumer
SOA emphasizes flexibility and reusability as key requirements for businesses in a rapidly changing technological landscape
SOA architecture typically involves three processes: Service Scheduling, Order Processing, and Account Management, each accessing a number of databases
SOA aims to design loosely coupled and autonomous services that can be combined to provide flexible composite business processes and applications
Common SOA principles include loose coupling, reusability, and adherence to a communications contract defining information exchange and service description information
SOA design approach focuses on building Web services for SOA with an emphasis on loose coupling, reusability, and adherence to communication contracts.

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Description

Test your knowledge on multi-tier architecture, application servers, and load balancing in high throughput environments. Learn about the roles of web servers and application servers in a multi-user DBMS architecture.