MSOP1016 Science of Medicines Lecture 12 Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the generalised structure of viruses?

  • Protein coat surrounding genetic material (correct)
  • Single-stranded RNA
  • Circular DNA
  • Double-stranded DNA

    • Which of the following is an example of a complex carbohydrate?

  • Starch
  • Sucrose (correct)
  • Glucose
  • Fructose

    • How many units do oligosaccharides typically have?

  • 1-2
  • 20-30
  • 11-15
  • 3-10 (correct)

    • What is the main role of glycobiology in drug design?

    <p>To increase drug specificity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood group function is associated with cell signaling and the immune response?

    <p>Blood Group AB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many units does cellulose, a polysaccharide, typically have?

    <p>~3000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of live vaccines?

    <p>To stimulate the immune system artificially</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are 'dead vaccines' less common than live vaccines?

    <p>They are primarily used when no safe live vaccine is available</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are boosters given after vaccination?

    <p>To develop maximum immunity over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the aim of 'Herd Immunity'?

    <p>To slow down and eventually stop the spread of a disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How has molecular biology contributed to vaccine production?

    <p>By enabling genetically engineered vaccines like Hepatitis B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of recombinant vaccines?

    <p>They allow for multiple pathogen 'antigens' to be expressed from a single virus vector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key challenge in the development of anti-virals mentioned in the text?

    <p>Difficulty in distinguishing between virus and host cell processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of viruses makes the development of anti-virals challenging?

    <p>Ability to undergo antigenic changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a strategy mentioned for inhibiting viral translation in the text?

    <p>Inhibiting glycosylation processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of infections are nucleoside analogues commonly used to treat?

    <p>Herpes virus infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of inhibitors are non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors used for in HIV treatment?

    <p>Interfering with viral transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of HIV-fusion inhibitors in antiviral therapy?

    <p>Inhibit virus penetration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antiviral agents do neuraminidase inhibitors belong to?

    <p>Virus attachment disruptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Chronic hepatitis B is treated using which type of agents according to the text?'

    <p>Interferons (immunostimulants)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common mechanism of action for nucleotide analogues according to the text?

    <p>Prevent viral DNA polymerase activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary consideration in the design of antiviral drugs according to the text?

    <p>Selective inhibition of processes unique to viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the life cycle of viruses?

    <p>Entry into the host cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final stage in the life cycle of viruses according to the text?

    <p>New 'progeny' virus release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the specificity of a virus for a particular host tissue?

    <p>Host cell-surface receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which historical event resulted in up to 90% of indigenous tribes in North & South America being decimated?

    <p>Smallpox epidemics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major approach to disease control mentioned in the text?

    <p>Prophylaxis and vaccination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strategy for healthcare is mentioned to include improvements in nutrition and sanitation?

    <p>'Prophylactic strategies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does vaccination aim to achieve in terms of immunity?

    <p>'Prime' the immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Post-exposure prophylaxis', as mentioned in the text, refers to:

    <p>'Preventive measures after pathogen exposure'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Antiviral agents' face issues of resistance due to:

    <p>'Rapid mutation of viruses'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main challenge in developing vaccines for HIV, influenza, and COVID according to the text?

    <p>Rapid mutation of viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are antiviral drugs considered the best option in some cases according to the text?

    <p>Infections have already occurred and are hidden inside host cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has made the search for antiviral drugs more challenging compared to antibacterial drugs?

    <p>Viruses use host cells' mechanisms to multiply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is maintaining broad spectrum antiviral activity important for an ideal small molecule antiviral drug?

    <p>To keep it effective against various viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of good viral drug targets mentioned in the text?

    <p>Amino acid sequence identical in a specific region across different viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of understanding the viral genomic research mentioned in the text?

    <p>To identify new targets for antiviral agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the initial events that kick-started general research into anti-viral chemotherapy as per the text?

    <p>The epidemic proportions reached by a disease affecting homosexual men</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one reason why vaccination may be less effective in certain patient groups as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Weakened immune systems due to organ transplants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is identifying new targets crucial for the development of antiviral agents according to the text?

    <p>To open new avenues for small molecule therapeutics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one common factor among good viral drug targets mentioned in the text?

    <p>Having crucial roles in the virus life cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of glycans in the body?

    <p>Signalling between cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do viruses transmit between hosts through arthropods or ticks?

    <p>Through biting and injecting saliva</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the protein coat (capsid) in a virus?

    <p>Protect the viral genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of viruses replicate their RNA in the cytoplasm of host cells?

    <p>RNA virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ADEPT approach used for in drug design?

    <p>Enhance drug specificity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do most viruses enter a susceptible cell for multiplication?

    <p>At the 'portal of entry'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enzyme is essential in the replication process of retroviruses?

    <p>'Retrotranscriptase'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'ADEPT' in drug design stands for:

    <p>'Antibody Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of disease symptoms resulting from viral infections?

    <p>Cell destruction by host response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of glycan-lectin interactions in cells?

    <p>Directing trafficking of glycoconjugates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of glycosidic linkage is found in cellulose?

    <p>1→4 b-linked</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main structural difference between amylose and amylopectin?

    <p>Branching pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a component of cell walls and forms the hard crust for insects and shellfish?

    <p>Chitin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basis for many current anti-viral therapeutics such as Tamiflu?

    <p>N-acetyl neuraminic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does glycobiology aim to define?

    <p>The biological functions of sugars attached to proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a glycan attached to a protein or lipid?

    <p>Glycoconjugate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In glycoproteins, why can mismatched blood groups lead to agglutination of blood cells?

    <p>Presence of different glycans on the protein surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Providing structural components' is one of the functions performed by glycans of glycoproteins. Which example is correct for this function?

    <p>'Cell wall formation'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Glycans and Blood groups' mentions the importance of blood group compatibility. What can happen if incompatible blood groups are mixed?

    <p>'Agglutination of blood cells'</p> Signup and view all the answers

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