Movements of the Lower Limb: Hip Joint
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Movements of the Lower Limb: Hip Joint

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Questions and Answers

Which nerve supplies the iliacus muscle involved in hip joint movements?

  • Inferior gluteal nerve
  • Lumbosacral plexus
  • Femoral nerve (correct)
  • Obturator nerve

    • What is the primary action of the gluteus maximus muscle during hip joint movements?

  • Flexion
  • Internal rotation
  • Extension (correct)
  • Abduction

    • Which muscles are primarily responsible for flexion at the hip joint?

  • Hamstrings and gluteus medius
  • Gluteus maximus and sartorius
  • Adductors and iliacus
  • Psoas major and rectus femoris (correct)

    • What effect does an injury to the superior gluteal nerve likely have on lower limb movement?

    <p>Impaired hip abduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is NOT primarily involved in the flexion of the thigh at the hip joint?

    <p>Gluteus maximus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The rectus femoris is primarily innervated by which nerve?

    <p>Femoral nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscles are responsible for external rotation of the hip joint?

    <p>Gluteus maximus and deep rotators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a case of fracture to the neck of the fibula, which nerve may likely be affected?

    <p>Common peroneal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is NOT supplied by the tibial part of the sciatic nerve?

    <p>Biceps femoris (Short Head)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary nerve supply for the tensor fasciae latae muscle?

    <p>Superior Gluteal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle in the medial compartment of the thigh is solely supplied by the obturator nerve?

    <p>Adductor longus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the adductor magnus is supplied by the tibial nerve?

    <p>Ischial part</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What muscle is innervated by both the tibial part of the sciatic nerve and the common peroneal nerve?

    <p>Biceps femoris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the gluteus minimus muscle?

    <p>Superior gluteal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles is primarily responsible for lateral rotation of the thigh?

    <p>Piriformis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle acts synergistically with the gastrocnemius in the movement of the leg?

    <p>Plantaris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is responsible for the innervation of both the Peroneus (Fibularis) Longus and Brevis muscles?

    <p>Musculocutaneous Nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is primarily responsible for eversion of the foot?

    <p>Peroneus (Fibularis) Longus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is not supplied by the Posterior Tibial Nerve?

    <p>Peroneus (Fibularis) Brevis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary movement associated with the Gastrocnemius muscle?

    <p>Plantarflexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles contributes to both inversion and plantarflexion of the foot?

    <p>Flexor Hallucis Longus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve provides innervation to the Extensor Digitorum Longus?

    <p>Anterior Tibial (Deep peroneal) Nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle assists primarily in the dorsiflexion movement of the foot?

    <p>Peroneus (Fibularis) Tertius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is least likely to assist in eversion of the foot?

    <p>Tibialis Posterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the Extensor Digitorum Longus?

    <p>Anterior Tibial (Deep Peroneal) Nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Flexor Hallucis Longus?

    <p>Plantarflexion of the big toe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscles are responsible for the abduction of the toes?

    <p>Dorsal Interossei of foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the nerve supply of the lumbricals is true?

    <p>The 1st lumbrical is supplied by the Medial Plantar Nerve while the rest are by the Lateral Plantar Nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What movement is primarily facilitated by the Plantar Interossei?

    <p>Adduction of the toes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscles provide flexion at the interphalangeal joints?

    <p>Flexor Digitorum Longus and Flexor Hallucis Longus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movement is NOT associated with the Extensor Hallucis Longus?

    <p>Plantarflexion of the big toe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nerve supply for the Flexor Digitorum Longus is provided by which of the following?

    <p>Posterior Tibial Nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What movement is primarily affected by an injury to the superior gluteal nerve?

    <p>Abduction of the thigh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscles are paralyzed due to a superior gluteal nerve injury?

    <p>Gluteus medius and gluteus minimus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic gait associated with weakness in the hip abductor muscles?

    <p>Waddling gait</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the Trendelenburg test, what sign indicates weakness in the hip abductors?

    <p>The pelvis drops on the injured side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What injury is commonly associated with inferior gluteal nerve damage?

    <p>Intramuscular injection in supero-medial quadrant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following quadrants is least likely to be used for safe intramuscular injection in the gluteal region?

    <p>Supero-medial quadrant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What compensatory action do patients take when they exhibit a positive Trendelenburg sign?

    <p>Shifting the trunk towards the affected side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What clinical correlation is often linked with sciatic nerve injury?

    <p>Lumbar disc prolapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Movements of the Lower Limb: Hip Joint

    • Flexion: Iliopsoas (Iliacus and Psoas major), Rectus Femoris, Sartorius
      • Iliacus: Femoral nerve in abdomen
      • Psoas major: Anterior rami of L1 to L3
      • Rectus Femoris: Femoral nerve
      • Sartorius: Femoral nerve
    • Extension: Gluteus maximus, Hamstring muscles (Biceps femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus)
      • Gluteus maximus: Inferior Gluteal nerve
      • Hamstring muscles: Tibial part of sciatic nerve (except short head of biceps femoris which is supplied by common peroneal part of sciatic nerve)
    • Adduction: Adductor muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh (Adductor longus, Adductor brevis, Adductor magnus, Gracilis, Pectineus)
      • All supplied by the obturator nerve
      • Adductor magnus has double nerve supply: Pubic part (posterior division of obturator nerve), Ischial part (tibial nerve of sciatic nerve)
    • Abduction: Gluteus medius, Gluteus minimus, Tensor fasciae latae, Sartorius
      • Gluteus medius and Gluteus minimus: Superior Gluteal nerve
      • Tensor fasciae latae: Femoral nerve
      • Sartorius: Femoral nerve
    • Medial Rotation: Anterior fibers of Gluteus medius, Gluteus minimus, Tensor fasciae latae
      • Superior Gluteal nerve
    • Lateral Rotation: Small lateral rotators of the thigh (Piriformis, Gemellus superior, Obturator internus, Gemellus inferior, Quadratus femoris)

    Movements of the Lower Limb: Knee Joint

    • Flexion: Biceps femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus, Sartorius, Popliteus, Gastrocnemius, Plantaris
      • Biceps femoris: Long head (Tibial part of sciatic nerve), Short head (Common peroneal nerve)
      • Semitendinosus and Semimembranosus: Tibial part of sciatic nerve
      • Sartorius: Femoral nerve
      • Popliteus: Tibial part of sciatic nerve
      • Gastrocnemius and Plantaris: Posterior tibial nerve (Tibial nerve in leg)
    • Extension: Quadriceps Femoris (Rectus femoris, Vastus lateralis, Vastus medialis, Vastus intermedius)
      • Femoral nerve

    Movements of the Lower Limb: Ankle Joint

    • Plantarflexion (Flexion): Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Plantaris, Tibialis posterior, Flexor Digitorum Longus, Flexor Hallucis Longus
      • Gastrocnemius and Plantaris: Posterior tibial nerve (Tibial nerve in leg)
      • Soleus, Tibialis posterior, Flexor Digitorum Longus, Flexor Hallucis Longus: Posterior tibial nerve
    • Dorsiflexion (Extension): Tibialis anterior, Extensor Digitorum Longus, Extensor Hallucis Longus
      • Tibialis anterior: Anterior tibial (Deep peroneal) nerve
      • Extensor Digitorum Longus and Extensor Hallucis Longus: Anterior tibial (Deep peroneal) nerve

    Movements of the Lower Limb: Subtalar Joint

    • Eversion: Peroneus (Fibularis) Tertius, Peroneus (Fibularis) Longus, Peroneus (Fibularis) Brevis
      • Peroneus (Fibularis) Tertius: Anterior tibial (Deep peroneal) nerve
      • Peroneus (Fibularis) Longus and Brevis: Musculocutaneous (Superficial peroneal) nerve
    • Inversion: Tibialis anterior, Extensor Hallucis Longus, Extensor Digitorum Longus, Tibialis posterior, Flexor Digitorum Longus, Flexor Hallucis Longus
      • Tibialis anterior, Extensor Hallucis Longus, Extensor Digitorum Longus: Anterior tibial (Deep peroneal) nerve
      • Tibialis posterior, Flexor Digitorum Longus, Flexor Hallucis Longus: Posterior tibial nerve

    Movements of the Lower Limb: Metatarsophalangeal Joints

    • Dorsiflexion (Extension): Extensor Digitorum Longus, Extensor Hallucis Longus
      • Anterior tibial (Deep peroneal) nerve
    • Plantarflexion (Flexion): Flexor Digitorum Longus, Flexor Hallucis Longus, Lumbricals of foot
      • Flexor Digitorum Longus and Flexor Hallucis Longus: Posterior tibial nerve
      • Lumbricals: 1st lumbrical (medial plantar nerve), remaining lumbricals (lateral plantar nerve)
    • Adduction (PAD): Plantar Interossei
      • Lateral plantar nerve
    • Abduction (DAB): Dorsal Interossei of foot
      • Lateral plantar nerve

    Movements of the Lower Limb: Interphalangeal Joints

    • Dorsiflexion (Extension): Extensor Digitorum Longus, Extensor Hallucis Longus
      • Anterior tibial (Deep peroneal) nerve
    • Plantarflexion (Flexion): Flexor Digitorum Longus, Flexor Hallucis Longus, Lumbricals of foot
      • Flexor Digitorum Longus and Flexor Hallucis Longus: Posterior tibial nerve
      • Lumbricals: 1st lumbrical (medial plantar nerve), remaining lumbricals (lateral plantar nerve)

    Superior Gluteal Nerve Injury

    • Causes: Intramuscular injection in the gluteal region, greater trochanter fracture, posterior hip joint dislocation
    • Commonest site of injury: Supero-medial quadrant of the gluteal region
    • Deformity: Limb (Waddling Gait) (Gluteal Gait) (Lurching Gait)
    • Muscles paralyzed: Gluteus medius, Gluteus minimus, Tensor fasciae latae
    • Motor loss: Abduction of thigh, medial rotation of thigh
    • Trendelenburg’s sign: A patient with a weak or paralyzed gluteus medius and minimus will experience a pelvic drop over the swing limb when standing on the affected limb. The patient compensates for the pelvic drop by lurching the trunk to the affected side.

    Sciatic Nerve Injury

    • Causes: Lumbar disc prolapse (herniation)

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    Description

    This quiz explores the anatomy and function of the hip joint, focusing on the muscles responsible for flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction. Test your knowledge of muscle innervation and their respective functions within the lower limb. Perfect for students studying anatomy and physiology.

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