1. Hip region, movement patterns, fascia and bony landmarks

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Questions and Answers

Which ligaments contribute to the stability of the sacroiliac joint from the anterior view?

Sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments (correct)

Anterior sacroiliac and iliolumbar ligaments

Posterior sacroiliac and pubic symphysis ligaments

Iliopectineal and arcuate lines

Which two anatomical features are involved in the formation of the pelvic brim?

Arcuate line of the ilium and greater sciatic notch

Pubic crest and ileopectineal line

Pectineal line and sacroiliac joint

Superior margin of the pubic symphysis and arcuate line of the ilium (correct)

What type of joint is the pubic symphysis classified as, and what reinforces it?

Synovial joint; reinforced by iliopsoas muscle fibers

Cartilaginous joint; reinforced by fibrocartilage interpubic disc (correct)

Fibrous joint; reinforced by sacrococcygeal ligaments

Compound joint; reinforced by rectus abdominis and external oblique muscles

The sacrococcygeal joint differs from the sacroiliac joint in that it primarily articulates between which structures?

The apex of the sacrum and the base of the coccyx Signup and view all the answers

What role does the iliopectineal line serve in the context of pelvic anatomy?

It functions as a site for muscle attachment and pelvic stability. Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is involved in the articulation of the sacroiliac joint?

Auricular surface of the ilium Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint classification does the sacroiliac joint fall under?

Irregular planar joint Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament is considered part of the accessory ligaments of the sacroiliac joint?

Sacrotuberous ligament Signup and view all the answers

Which bony landmark is formed by all three pelvic bones?

Acetabulum Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the sacral canal?

Conducts spinal nerves from the sacral segments Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is part of the bony pelvis and is primarily responsible for weight bearing when seated?

Ischium Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of deep fascia in the lower limb?

Encircles the limb to prevent muscle bulging Signup and view all the answers

Which bony landmark is located on the ilium and serves as an important attachment point for muscles?

Iliac crest Signup and view all the answers

Which movement is primarily associated with the pelvis on femur mechanics?

Abduction Signup and view all the answers

Which component is not considered part of the bony pelvis?

Tibia Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the sacroiliac joint?

Absorbs shock during weight-bearing activities Signup and view all the answers

Which bony landmark is found on the ischium?

Lesser sciatic notch Signup and view all the answers

Which fascia layer is continuous with the fascia of the inferior abdominal wall and buttocks?

Superficial fascia Signup and view all the answers

Which joint is classified as having a limited degree of freedom and is involved in the transfer of weight from the trunk to the lower limbs?

Sacroiliac joint Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is primarily responsible for innervation of the pelvic muscles?

Sacral plexus Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the dense layer of connective tissue in the thigh that prevents muscle bulging during contraction?

Fascia lata Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the greater sciatic notch?

Serves as a passageway for nerves and blood vessels Signup and view all the answers

Which bone forms the anterior part of the bony pelvis?

Pubis Signup and view all the answers

Which region is primarily characterized by the presence of the pectineal line?

Pubis Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Lower Extremity: Movement Patterns, Fascia, and Bony Landmarks

Lower Extremity Movement: Covers hip, knee, and ankle movement patterns, including actions like abduction, adduction, extension, and flexion. Also includes descriptions of hip rotation (lateral and medial). Ankle movements include dorsiflexion and plantar flexion, as well as eversion and inversion.

LE Lecture Unit Objectives

Muscle Knowledge: Students should demonstrate understanding of muscle attachments, actions, and innervation.
Soft Tissue & Joints: Identify blood supply to soft tissues and joints.
Impairments: Identify functional limitations associated with lower extremity peripheral nerve lesions.
Joints & Freedom of Movement: Classify joints according to shape (number of articular surfaces) and degrees of freedom.
Pathology Understanding: Demonstrate understanding of discussed pathologies within the context of the unit's lecture material.

Fascia of the Lower Limb

Superficial Fascia: Lies deep to the skin. Composed of loose connective tissue, containing fat, cutaneous nerves, superficial veins, and lymphatics. Continuous with the fascia of the inferior, anterolateral abdominal wall, and buttocks.
Deep Fascia ("Fascia Lata"): Dense connective tissue layer between the subcutaneous tissue and muscles in the thigh. Non-elastic. Encircles the limb like a stocking, preventing muscle bulging during contraction for greater efficiency. Continuous with the deep fascia of the leg (crural fascia).

Bony Landmarks – Internal View

Ilium: includes ASIS, AIIS, PSIS, PIIS, Iliac crest, Wing of ilium: iliac foss, Greater sciatic notch, Ischial spine, Lesser sciatic notch, Body of ischium, Ischial tuberosity, Obturator foramen, Arcuate line, and Pectineal line.

Bony Landmarks – External View

Iliac Crest: ASIS, AIIS, PSIS, PIIS.
Ilium: Wing of ilium: gluteal surface
Gluteal Lines: ant, post, inf
Greater Sciatic Notch: Ischial Spine, Lesser Sciatic Notch, Body of Ischium, Ischial Tuberosity, Obturator Foramen, Acetabulum.

Pelvis Bone Identification

Pelvic Bones: Ilium, Ischium, Pubis, Sacrum, Coccyx.
Joints: Sacroiliac joints, pubic symphysis.

Sacrum/Coccyx Landmarks

Ala of the Sacrum: A wing-like structure of the sacrum
Body of SV1: Lateral view.
Auricular Surface: Part of the sacrum that articulates with the ilium.
Sacral Promontory: Forward-facing projection at the top of the sacrum.
Sacral Foramina: Passages in the sacrum for nerves and blood vessels.
Cornu of the Sacrum: Posterior view (only).
Transverse Process: part of the Coccyx.
Tip of Coccyx Projection at the bottom of the coccyx.

Pelvic Brim

The superior margin of the pelvic brim is formed by the superior pubic symphysis, pecten pubis (pectineal line), arcuate line of the ilium, the anterior border of the ala of the sacrum, and the sacral promontory.

Pelvic Apertures

Superior Pelvic Aperture (Pelvic Inlet): formed by the pelvic brim, separating the true and false pelves
Inferior Pelvic Aperture (Pelvic Outlet): bounded posteriorly by the sacrum and coccyx, anteriorly by the pubic symphysis, laterally by the ischial tuberosities. It is closed by the pelvic diaphragm.

Pelvis Major

"False Pelvis," superior to the pelvic brim.
Found in the abdominal cavity.
Bounded by the iliac fossae, abdominal wall, and L5 and S1 vertebrae.

Pelvis Minor

"True Pelvis," inferior to the superior pelvic aperture
Contains pelvic viscera
Bounded posteriorly by the sacrum and coccyx, and anteriorly by the pubic symphysis.
Laterally by the ilium and ischium.

Male vs. Female Pelvis

Male: Thicker, heavier, more prominent markings, round obturator foramen, larger acetabulum, heart-shaped superior pelvic aperture, smaller inferior pelvic aperture, narrow pelvis major, and deep pelvis minor.
Female: Thinner, less prominent markings, oval obturator foramen, smaller acetabulum, oval or round superior pelvic aperture, larger inferior pelvic aperture, shallow pelvis major, wide and shallow pelvis minor.

Obturator Foramen

Formed by bodies and rami of the pubis and ischium.
Nearly closed by an obturator membrane.
Obturator nerves, arteries, and veins pass through this foramen, exiting into the obturator canal.

Greater Sciatic Foramen

Formed anteriorly and superiorly by the greater sciatic notch, and inferiorly by the sacrospinous ligament and posteriorly by the sacrotuberous ligament.
Acts as exit for pelvis vessels and nerves.

Lesser Sciatic Foramen

Formed by the lesser sciatic notch (anterioly), the ischial spine and sacrospinous ligaments, and posteriorly (from the lesser sciatic notch) by the sacrotuberous ligament.
Transmits the obturator internus tendon, and associated nerves and blood vessels.

Sacrococcygeal Joint

Cartilaginous joint
Articulates between the apex of the sacrum and the base of the coccyx.
Contains sacrococcygeal ligaments (anterior, posterior, and lateral)
Fibrocartilaginous intervertebral disc.

Pubic Symphysis

Cartilaginous joint between superior rami of the pubic bones.
Has a fibrocartilage interpubic disc.
Strengthened by fibers of rectus abdominis and external oblique muscles.

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Description

This quiz explores movement patterns of the lower extremity, detailing the actions and functions of the hip, knee, and ankle. Students will demonstrate knowledge of muscle attachment, joint classification, and understand the significance of associated pathologies. Prepare to identify key movements and functional limitations within the lower limb.