Motivation and Child Development Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the potential negative impact of criticism on a child according to Dweck?

Criticism builds resilience in children.

Criticism may damage a child's self-esteem. (correct)

Criticism encourages more effort in children.

Criticism enhances a child's creativity.

What was one of the significant implications noted by the researchers regarding licensed characters in food marketing?

They have no effect on children’s eating habits.

They are always beneficial for children's health.

They may encourage poorer nutritional choices. (correct)

They can completely change children's taste preferences.

Which type of feedback does Dweck believe is more beneficial for a child's self-esteem?

Constructive criticism linked with effort praise. (correct)

Endless praise without context.

Indifferent feedback and neglect.

Strict criticism focusing on failures.

What does observational learning imply in the context of children's eating habits?

Children can learn about food choices by watching others. Signup and view all the answers

What does intrinsic motivation refer to?

Actions that are rewarding in themselves. Signup and view all the answers

Which age group does the study primarily focus on concerning food choices influenced by licensed characters?

Young children Signup and view all the answers

In the context of motivation, what leads to psychological tension according to the need for achievement concept?

Existence of unmet essential needs. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a primary drive?

Thirst. Signup and view all the answers

What was a limitation mentioned regarding the study's findings?

Small sample size and various other limitations. Signup and view all the answers

What is a secondary drive based on?

Learned experiences. Signup and view all the answers

What potential effect does the recognition of characters on food packaging have on children?

It may alter their taste preferences negatively. Signup and view all the answers

How does Dweck link the need for achievement to an individual's self-perception?

It is connected to fixed or changeable self-views. Signup and view all the answers

What does extrinsic motivation entail?

Performing actions for anticipated external outcomes. Signup and view all the answers

Which psychological need is related to gaining social connections?

Need for affiliation (nAff). Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of instinctual behavior based on traditional approaches?

Instincts are primarily hereditary influences. Signup and view all the answers

What does arousal theory suggest about people's motivation?

People seek to maintain an optimal level of tension. Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily responsible for the effectiveness of incentives according to the discussed theories?

Their rewarding properties. Signup and view all the answers

How does Maslow’s hierarchy of needs relate to motivation?

Higher levels cannot be reached until basic needs are satisfied. Signup and view all the answers

Which theory has similarities with Maslow's hierarchy based on three universal needs?

Self-determination theory Signup and view all the answers

What is the commonly sought level of arousal according to arousal theory?

A moderate level that varies. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the concept of incentive in the context of motivation?

A factor that lures individuals into action due to rewarding properties. Signup and view all the answers

What is true about sensation seeking according to arousal theory?

It can range from low to high levels of arousal. Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect does humanistic motivation focus on primarily?

The fulfillment of basic and higher-level needs. Signup and view all the answers

What level of arousal is typically needed for optimal performance on easy tasks?

Low–Moderate Signup and view all the answers

What level of difficulty is associated with a high level of arousal for optimal performance?

Difficult tasks Signup and view all the answers

In Ryan and Deci’s self-determination theory, what is essential for fulfilling needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness?

Intrinsic motivation Signup and view all the answers

What does incentive theory primarily focus on?

External rewards and motivations Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of self-actualization?

Permanent state of existence Signup and view all the answers

A person's motivation to eat might be driven by which of the following factors?

Emotional stress and comfort Signup and view all the answers

What is typically a concern in discussions surrounding eating habits today?

Impacts on health and society Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is an example of a driving desire often related to failure, as per the content?

Fear of rejection Signup and view all the answers

What percentage over ideal body weight is often used as a threshold for defining obesity in men?

20% Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is primarily mentioned as influencing appetite and obesity?

Leptin Signup and view all the answers

How does a family history of obesity affect an individual's risk of becoming obese?

It doubles or triples the risk. Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant environmental factor contributing to increased rates of obesity in developing countries?

Improved food supply stability Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is associated with overeating as economies grow stronger in developing countries?

Greater food variety and desirability Signup and view all the answers

What lifestyle change in industrialized societies contributes to the obesity epidemic?

Longer work hours reducing meal prep time Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between genetics and obesity risk?

Some families have a higher genetic predisposition to obesity. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a factor contributing to obesity?

Engaging in regular exercise Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary process that motivation encompasses?

started, directed, continued Signup and view all the answers

Which motivational theory emphasizes the concept of homeostasis?

drive-reduction theory Signup and view all the answers

What term describes performing a behavior to achieve a reward that is not related to the activity itself?

extrinsic motivation Signup and view all the answers

In the context of social needs, which type of need indicates a desire to be liked by others?

affiliation Signup and view all the answers

According to Carol Dweck's research, which phrase is most effective for reinforcing a child's behavior?

I'm proud of the way you tried to solve that problem. Signup and view all the answers

Originally, how many instincts did William McDougall propose for humans?

18 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following options best describes the current understanding of the number of instincts in humans?

18; thousands Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Sexuality and Gender

Couvade syndrome is a condition in which a pregnant partner's partner displays symptoms of pregnancy, like experiencing physical pain during labor.
Cultural expectations surrounding gender roles vary widely.
This can be influenced by both biology and learning.
Primary sex characteristics are physical traits present at birth, crucial for reproduction.
- Females: vagina, uterus, ovaries.
- Males: penis, testes, scrotum, prostate gland.

Why Study Sexuality and Gender?

Human sexual behavior drives reproduction but also strongly influences human behavior.
Gender (psychological identification) affects self-perception, relationships, and social interactions.

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Description

Test your knowledge on key concepts of motivation and child development as discussed by Carol Dweck. This quiz explores intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, the impacts of feedback on children's self-esteem, and the influence of marketing on children's food choices. Dive into important theories and findings that shape our understanding of children's growth.