30 Questions
What is the main function of chloride in the body?
Maintenance of osmotic pressure and acid-base balance
What is the primary function of sodium in the body?
Maintaining fluid balance and regulating blood pressure
What is the recommended range for chloride in the blood?
100-107 mmol/L
What is the main source of calcium in the diet?
Milk, cheese, and dark green leafy vegetables
What is the result of a deficiency of sodium in the body?
Hyponatremia
What is the function of parathyroid hormone in calcium regulation?
Increases calcium levels in the blood
Which of the following food sources is rich in potassium?
Bananas
What is the result of a deficiency of potassium in the body?
Hypokalemia
What is the term for a deficiency of calcium in the blood?
Hypocalcemia
What is the term for an excess of calcium in the blood?
Hypercalcemia
What is the primary difference between macrominerals and microminerals?
Their level of requirements in the diet
What is the function of aldosterone in relation to sodium?
Increases reabsorption in renal tubules
What is one of the biochemical functions of zinc?
Protein synthesis
What is a sign of severe zinc deficiency?
Hair loss
What is required for the absorption of iron?
Copper
Which of the following is a good source of iron?
Egg yolk
What is the form of iron that is better absorbed?
Ferrous form (Fe2+)
What is a possible cause of zinc deficiency?
All of the above
What is the daily absorption of iron in normal menstruating women?
1-2mg
What is the primary mechanism of iron elimination?
Vaginal or intestinal bleeding
What is the result of iron deficiency on hemoglobin synthesis?
Decreased rate of synthesis
What is the primary cause of iron deficiency?
Excessive blood loss
What is the term for the condition where iron is directly deposited in tissues?
Hemochromatosis
What is the result of iron poisoning?
Toxic effect of free iron in plasma
What is the primary function of copper in the formation of hemoglobin?
To incorporate iron into hemoglobin
Which of the following is a transport protein that facilitates copper absorption?
Metallothionein
What percentage of dietary copper is absorbed mainly in the duodenum?
10%
What is the name of the genetic disorder caused by mutations in the ATP7A gene that is responsible for transport of copper throughout the body?
Menke's syndrome
What is the result of a deficiency of copper in the body?
Sparse and kinky hair
What is the name of the autosomal recessive disease characterized by a large amount of copper accumulation in the liver?
Wilson disease
Test your knowledge of essential minerals, their daily requirements, and their roles in growth, acid-base balance, reproduction, and lactation. Identify the two categories of minerals and their specific examples.
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