Microbiology: Upper Respiratory Infections Quiz
16 Questions
2 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is one of the methods of transmission for Cytomegalovirus (CMV)?

  • Blood transfusion (correct)
  • Airborne droplets
  • Skin contact
  • Insect bites

    • Which diagnostic test detects the presence of heterophile antibodies in a patient?

  • Blood culture
  • Monospot test (correct)
  • PCR test
  • Antigen assay

    • What is the main pathological process of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection?

  • Multiplication in oropharyngeal epithelium and B cells (correct)
  • Infection of epithelial cells only
  • Multiplication primarily in the liver
  • Rapid replication in the respiratory tract

    • Which of the following is NOT a feature of influenza viruses?

    <p>Transmission through contaminated food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of virus is characterized as the largest human herpes virus?

    <p>Cytomegalovirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is associated with the structure of coronaviruses?

    <p>Nucleocapsid protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What antiviral agent is used to reduce viral replication in CMV infections?

    <p>Ganciclovir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does parainfluenza virus typically manifest clinically?

    <p>As common cold symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which microorganism is the most common cause of bacterial pharyngitis?

    <p>Streptococcus pyogenes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of acute pharyngitis cases are caused by viruses?

    <p>70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of pharyngoconjunctival fever caused by adenoviruses?

    <p>High fever and conjunctivitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus is known for causing herpetic pharyngitis in immunocompromised individuals?

    <p>Human herpes virus 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary transmission route for rhinoviruses?

    <p>Large particle aerosols or fomites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about adenoviruses is true?

    <p>They can invade the pharyngeal mucosa directly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Infectious mononucleosis is primarily associated with which pathogen?

    <p>Epstein-Barr virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antiviral medications are used to treat infections caused by human herpes virus 1?

    <p>Acyclovir and valacyclovir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (URTIs)

    • URTIs involve acute or chronic infections of the nose, sinuses, tonsils, pharynx, larynx, and middle ear.
    • Pharyngitis is the inflammation of throat structures, often causing red, swollen pharyngeal mucosa.

    Types of Pharyngitis

    • Viral Pharyngitis:
      • Common cause, self-limiting, primarily due to common cold viruses.
      • More prevalent than bacterial cases.
    • Bacterial Pharyngitis:
      • Mainly caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
      • Rare causes include Neisseria gonorrheae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

    Etiology of Viral Pharyngitis

    • Viruses account for about 70% of acute pharyngitis cases.
    • Rhinoviruses:
      • Small, naked RNA viruses (>100 serotypes).
      • Responsible for approximately 20% of pharyngitis cases.
      • Transmitted via aerosols or fomites; does not invade mucosa.
    • Adenoviruses:
      • Non-enveloped DNA viruses; specific types cause pediatric pharyngitis and pharyngoconjunctival fever.
      • Transmitted through respiratory droplets, fomites, or contaminated swimming pools.
    • Human Herpes Virus 1 (HHV-1):
      • Enveloped DNA virus causing oral herpes (cold sores) and herpetic pharyngitis.
      • Reactivates in immunocompromised individuals; spreads via direct contact with fluids/lesions.
    • Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV):
      • Known as HHV-4; causes pharyngitis in about 80% of infectious mononucleosis cases.
      • Transmitted via saliva, primarily among adolescents; diagnosed with antibody detection tests.
    • Cytomegalovirus (CMV):
      • Largest human herpes virus; spreads through saliva and other bodily secretions.
      • Diagnosed via serological tests and PCR; treated with ganciclovir or cidofovir.

    Other Viral Causes of Pharyngitis

    • Influenza Viruses (A, B, C):
      • Enveloped RNA viruses causing severe pharyngitis in about 50% of infected individuals.
      • Diagnosed using rapid antigen tests and transmitted via aerosols or droplets.
    • Parainfluenza Viruses (1-4):
      • Resemble influenza viruses; pharyngitis typically presents as a common cold.
    • Coronaviruses:
      • Enveloped RNA viruses with a crown-like appearance; cause pharyngitis similar to rhinovirus infections.
    • Enteroviruses:
      • Additional contributors to pharyngitis; details not specified in the provided text.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the microorganisms responsible for pharyngitis and tonsillitis. This quiz covers various aspects of upper respiratory tract infections, including symptoms, causes, and treatment. Get ready to dive into the details of URTIs and enhance your microbiological understanding!

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser