Questions and Answers
What is one of the methods of transmission for Cytomegalovirus (CMV)?
Which diagnostic test detects the presence of heterophile antibodies in a patient?
What is the main pathological process of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection?
Which of the following is NOT a feature of influenza viruses?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of virus is characterized as the largest human herpes virus?
Signup and view all the answers
Which protein is associated with the structure of coronaviruses?
Signup and view all the answers
What antiviral agent is used to reduce viral replication in CMV infections?
Signup and view all the answers
How does parainfluenza virus typically manifest clinically?
Signup and view all the answers
Which microorganism is the most common cause of bacterial pharyngitis?
Signup and view all the answers
What percentage of acute pharyngitis cases are caused by viruses?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of pharyngoconjunctival fever caused by adenoviruses?
Signup and view all the answers
Which virus is known for causing herpetic pharyngitis in immunocompromised individuals?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary transmission route for rhinoviruses?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement about adenoviruses is true?
Signup and view all the answers
Infectious mononucleosis is primarily associated with which pathogen?
Signup and view all the answers
Which antiviral medications are used to treat infections caused by human herpes virus 1?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (URTIs)
- URTIs involve acute or chronic infections of the nose, sinuses, tonsils, pharynx, larynx, and middle ear.
- Pharyngitis is the inflammation of throat structures, often causing red, swollen pharyngeal mucosa.
Types of Pharyngitis
-
Viral Pharyngitis:
- Common cause, self-limiting, primarily due to common cold viruses.
- More prevalent than bacterial cases.
-
Bacterial Pharyngitis:
- Mainly caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Rare causes include Neisseria gonorrheae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
Etiology of Viral Pharyngitis
- Viruses account for about 70% of acute pharyngitis cases.
-
Rhinoviruses:
- Small, naked RNA viruses (>100 serotypes).
- Responsible for approximately 20% of pharyngitis cases.
- Transmitted via aerosols or fomites; does not invade mucosa.
-
Adenoviruses:
- Non-enveloped DNA viruses; specific types cause pediatric pharyngitis and pharyngoconjunctival fever.
- Transmitted through respiratory droplets, fomites, or contaminated swimming pools.
-
Human Herpes Virus 1 (HHV-1):
- Enveloped DNA virus causing oral herpes (cold sores) and herpetic pharyngitis.
- Reactivates in immunocompromised individuals; spreads via direct contact with fluids/lesions.
-
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV):
- Known as HHV-4; causes pharyngitis in about 80% of infectious mononucleosis cases.
- Transmitted via saliva, primarily among adolescents; diagnosed with antibody detection tests.
-
Cytomegalovirus (CMV):
- Largest human herpes virus; spreads through saliva and other bodily secretions.
- Diagnosed via serological tests and PCR; treated with ganciclovir or cidofovir.
Other Viral Causes of Pharyngitis
-
Influenza Viruses (A, B, C):
- Enveloped RNA viruses causing severe pharyngitis in about 50% of infected individuals.
- Diagnosed using rapid antigen tests and transmitted via aerosols or droplets.
-
Parainfluenza Viruses (1-4):
- Resemble influenza viruses; pharyngitis typically presents as a common cold.
-
Coronaviruses:
- Enveloped RNA viruses with a crown-like appearance; cause pharyngitis similar to rhinovirus infections.
-
Enteroviruses:
- Additional contributors to pharyngitis; details not specified in the provided text.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on the microorganisms responsible for pharyngitis and tonsillitis. This quiz covers various aspects of upper respiratory tract infections, including symptoms, causes, and treatment. Get ready to dive into the details of URTIs and enhance your microbiological understanding!
