Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is one of the methods of transmission for Cytomegalovirus (CMV)?
What is one of the methods of transmission for Cytomegalovirus (CMV)?
- Blood transfusion (correct)
- Airborne droplets
- Skin contact
- Insect bites
Which diagnostic test detects the presence of heterophile antibodies in a patient?
Which diagnostic test detects the presence of heterophile antibodies in a patient?
- Blood culture
- Monospot test (correct)
- PCR test
- Antigen assay
What is the main pathological process of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection?
What is the main pathological process of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection?
- Multiplication in oropharyngeal epithelium and B cells (correct)
- Infection of epithelial cells only
- Multiplication primarily in the liver
- Rapid replication in the respiratory tract
Which of the following is NOT a feature of influenza viruses?
Which of the following is NOT a feature of influenza viruses?
What type of virus is characterized as the largest human herpes virus?
What type of virus is characterized as the largest human herpes virus?
Which protein is associated with the structure of coronaviruses?
Which protein is associated with the structure of coronaviruses?
What antiviral agent is used to reduce viral replication in CMV infections?
What antiviral agent is used to reduce viral replication in CMV infections?
How does parainfluenza virus typically manifest clinically?
How does parainfluenza virus typically manifest clinically?
Which microorganism is the most common cause of bacterial pharyngitis?
Which microorganism is the most common cause of bacterial pharyngitis?
What percentage of acute pharyngitis cases are caused by viruses?
What percentage of acute pharyngitis cases are caused by viruses?
Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of pharyngoconjunctival fever caused by adenoviruses?
Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of pharyngoconjunctival fever caused by adenoviruses?
Which virus is known for causing herpetic pharyngitis in immunocompromised individuals?
Which virus is known for causing herpetic pharyngitis in immunocompromised individuals?
What is the primary transmission route for rhinoviruses?
What is the primary transmission route for rhinoviruses?
Which statement about adenoviruses is true?
Which statement about adenoviruses is true?
Infectious mononucleosis is primarily associated with which pathogen?
Infectious mononucleosis is primarily associated with which pathogen?
Which antiviral medications are used to treat infections caused by human herpes virus 1?
Which antiviral medications are used to treat infections caused by human herpes virus 1?
Study Notes
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (URTIs)
- URTIs involve acute or chronic infections of the nose, sinuses, tonsils, pharynx, larynx, and middle ear.
- Pharyngitis is the inflammation of throat structures, often causing red, swollen pharyngeal mucosa.
Types of Pharyngitis
- Viral Pharyngitis:
- Common cause, self-limiting, primarily due to common cold viruses.
- More prevalent than bacterial cases.
- Bacterial Pharyngitis:
- Mainly caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Rare causes include Neisseria gonorrheae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
Etiology of Viral Pharyngitis
- Viruses account for about 70% of acute pharyngitis cases.
- Rhinoviruses:
- Small, naked RNA viruses (>100 serotypes).
- Responsible for approximately 20% of pharyngitis cases.
- Transmitted via aerosols or fomites; does not invade mucosa.
- Adenoviruses:
- Non-enveloped DNA viruses; specific types cause pediatric pharyngitis and pharyngoconjunctival fever.
- Transmitted through respiratory droplets, fomites, or contaminated swimming pools.
- Human Herpes Virus 1 (HHV-1):
- Enveloped DNA virus causing oral herpes (cold sores) and herpetic pharyngitis.
- Reactivates in immunocompromised individuals; spreads via direct contact with fluids/lesions.
- Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV):
- Known as HHV-4; causes pharyngitis in about 80% of infectious mononucleosis cases.
- Transmitted via saliva, primarily among adolescents; diagnosed with antibody detection tests.
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV):
- Largest human herpes virus; spreads through saliva and other bodily secretions.
- Diagnosed via serological tests and PCR; treated with ganciclovir or cidofovir.
Other Viral Causes of Pharyngitis
- Influenza Viruses (A, B, C):
- Enveloped RNA viruses causing severe pharyngitis in about 50% of infected individuals.
- Diagnosed using rapid antigen tests and transmitted via aerosols or droplets.
- Parainfluenza Viruses (1-4):
- Resemble influenza viruses; pharyngitis typically presents as a common cold.
- Coronaviruses:
- Enveloped RNA viruses with a crown-like appearance; cause pharyngitis similar to rhinovirus infections.
- Enteroviruses:
- Additional contributors to pharyngitis; details not specified in the provided text.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the microorganisms responsible for pharyngitis and tonsillitis. This quiz covers various aspects of upper respiratory tract infections, including symptoms, causes, and treatment. Get ready to dive into the details of URTIs and enhance your microbiological understanding!
