Microbiology of the Respiratory System

<p>To filter and trap particles from inhaled air (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows beneficial microbes to outcompete harmful pathogens. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Corynebacterium diphtheriae (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gray membrane formation in the throat (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antibiotics and antitoxins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DTaP vaccine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Haemophilus influenzae (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tonsils (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent food from entering the trachea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Larynx (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trachea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They distribute air to the alveoli (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alveoli (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trachea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bronchioles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Streptococcus pyogenes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coughing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Penicillin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scarlet fever (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) tests (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytotoxic streptolysins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Otitis media (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is caused by a toxin from Streptococcus pyogenes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Corynebacterium diphtheriae (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Streptococcus pyogenes infection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gram-negative coccobacillus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The paroxysmal stage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Airborne transmission (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bordetella pertussis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tuberculosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sore throat and fever (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simplex virus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>30–50% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pneumonia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cough suppressants can reduce discomfort (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5-7 days (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alphacoronavirus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>10–15% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Headache (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Microorganisms that naturally reside in the respiratory system.

When normal microbiota use resources, preventing harmful microbes from using them.

Microbes in the nasal passages and other upper parts of the respiratory system.

The lower respiratory tract is largely devoid of microbes.

Specialized immune cells protecting the lower respiratory tract.

The throat, a part of the throat that connects the oral cavity and nasal cavity to the esophagus and larynx.

The voice box, a part of the respiratory system that contains the vocal cords.

The windpipe, a tube that carries air from the larynx to the lungs.

The tube that carries food from the pharynx to the stomach.

Mouth, the initial part of the digestive system.

Muscular organ in the oral cavity used for tasting, chewing, and swallowing.

A flap of cartilage that covers the windpipe during swallowing.

Lymphoid tissues in the throat that help fight infection.

A throat infection caused by Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria.

The bacteria that cause strep throat.

Local inflammation, fever, swelling, tonsillitis, and otitis media (ear infection).

Penicillin antibiotics.

A strep throat-related illness that causes pink-red rash and high fever.

A toxin produced by lysogenized Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria causing scarlet fever symptoms.

Using enzyme immunoassay (EIA) tests.

Inflammation of the pharynx (throat).

A bacterial infection caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, characterized by a sore throat, fever, and a gray membrane forming in the throat.

A toxin produced by Corynebacterium diphtheriae that causes the characteristic symptoms of diphtheria, including the formation of the gray membrane in the throat.

An infection of the middle ear, commonly caused by bacteria like Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis, leading to ear pain, fever, and fluid buildup behind the eardrum.

Streptococcus pneumoniae, a common cause of otitis media, is often responsible for about 35% of cases.

The DTaP vaccine contains diphtheria toxoid, which is a weakened form of the diphtheria toxin. This exposes the body to the toxoid, allowing it to develop immunity without causing disease.

The common cold can be caused by a variety of viruses, but the two most prevalent are rhinoviruses (accounting for 30-50% of cases) and coronaviruses (accounting for 10-15%).

Symptoms of the common cold typically last for about a week.

While cough suppressants and antihistamines can help alleviate discomfort, no medication can actually speed up recovery from a common cold.

Common cold complications include laryngitis (inflammation of the voice box) and otitis media (middle ear infection).

Simplex virus human alphaherpesvirus (HHV-1), commonly known as herpes simplex virus, is NOT a cause of the common cold.

Alphacoronaviruses are a type of virus that can cause the common cold.

Betacoronaviruses are a type of virus that can cause the common cold.

Enterovirus rhinoviruses are a type of virus that can cause the common cold.

A highly contagious respiratory disease caused by Bordetella pertussis bacteria, characterized by severe coughing spells, often resulting in a whooping sound.

The stage of pertussis marked by severe, prolonged coughing spasms, often ending with a whooping intake of breath.

A chronic bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, mainly affecting the lungs but potentially affecting other organs, spreading through airborne transmission.

The bacteria responsible for tuberculosis, known for its acid-fastness, meaning it resists decolorization during staining.

Bacteria that retain their red stain even after being treated with acid alcohol, which is used to decolorize other types of bacteria.

Inflammation of the bronchi in the lower respiratory tract, often caused by viruses and leading to coughing, shortness of breath, and wheezing.

Inflammation of the bronchioles (small airways) in the lower respiratory tract, often caused by viruses, especially in infants, and leading to wheezing and difficulty breathing.