Podcast
Questions and Answers
What type of microscopy is required to visualize spirochetes?
What type of microscopy is required to visualize spirochetes?
- Darkfield microscopy (correct)
- Phase-contrast microscopy
- Fluorescence microscopy
- Electron microscopy
Which feature contributes to the mobility of spirochetes?
Which feature contributes to the mobility of spirochetes?
- Periplasmic flagella
- Peptidoglycan
- Outer membrane
- Axial filaments (correct)
What makes spirochetes resistant to rifampicin?
What makes spirochetes resistant to rifampicin?
- Cell wall flexibility (correct)
- Periplasmic flagella
- Outer membrane
- Axial filaments
Which genus of spirochete is associated with relapsing fever and Lyme disease?
Which genus of spirochete is associated with relapsing fever and Lyme disease?
In which environments can commensal treponemes be found?
In which environments can commensal treponemes be found?
What is a virulence factor associated with pathogenic treponemes?
What is a virulence factor associated with pathogenic treponemes?
Which bacteria is known to be strictly anaerobic and has many nutritional requirements?
Which bacteria is known to be strictly anaerobic and has many nutritional requirements?
What is the characteristic sign of secondary syphilis caused by Treponema pallidum?
What is the characteristic sign of secondary syphilis caused by Treponema pallidum?
What is the causative agent of Vincent's infection or trench mouth?
What is the causative agent of Vincent's infection or trench mouth?
Which bacteria is responsible for causing syphilis?
Which bacteria is responsible for causing syphilis?
Which bacteria is not cultivable in vitro and is not visible with conventional microscopy?
Which bacteria is not cultivable in vitro and is not visible with conventional microscopy?
What are the predisposing factors for Vincent's infection or trench mouth?
What are the predisposing factors for Vincent's infection or trench mouth?
What is the differential diagnosis for Vincent's infection or trench mouth?
What is the differential diagnosis for Vincent's infection or trench mouth?
What is the possible manifestation of syphilis in the oral cavity during the tertiary stage?
What is the possible manifestation of syphilis in the oral cavity during the tertiary stage?
What is the method used to detect antibodies against specific T. pallidum-antigens (Ag) to confirm a positive nontreponemal test?
What is the method used to detect antibodies against specific T. pallidum-antigens (Ag) to confirm a positive nontreponemal test?
What is the source of carbon for spirochetes?
What is the source of carbon for spirochetes?
Why are spirochetes sometimes not visible at optical microscopes?
Why are spirochetes sometimes not visible at optical microscopes?
What is the distinguishing feature of Leptospira among spirochetes?
What is the distinguishing feature of Leptospira among spirochetes?
Which microscopy technique is required to visualize spirochetes?
Which microscopy technique is required to visualize spirochetes?
What are the genera of clinical interest associated with Treponema?
What are the genera of clinical interest associated with Treponema?
What is the respiratory nature of spirochetes?
What is the respiratory nature of spirochetes?
What are the elements of mobility found in spirochetes?
What are the elements of mobility found in spirochetes?
What is the primary manifestation of syphilis in the oral cavity?
What is the primary manifestation of syphilis in the oral cavity?
Which bacteria is responsible for causing Vincent's infection or trench mouth?
Which bacteria is responsible for causing Vincent's infection or trench mouth?
What is the method used to detect the proteolytic activity of certain oral anaerobes that contribute to oral malodor?
What is the method used to detect the proteolytic activity of certain oral anaerobes that contribute to oral malodor?
What are the possible manifestations of syphilis in the oral cavity during the tertiary stage?
What are the possible manifestations of syphilis in the oral cavity during the tertiary stage?
What is the characteristic sign of secondary syphilis caused by Treponema pallidum?
What is the characteristic sign of secondary syphilis caused by Treponema pallidum?
How is Treponema pallidum primarily transmitted?
How is Treponema pallidum primarily transmitted?
Which bacteria is known to be strictly anaerobic and has many nutritional requirements?
Which bacteria is known to be strictly anaerobic and has many nutritional requirements?
What are the predisposing factors for Vincent's infection or trench mouth?
What are the predisposing factors for Vincent's infection or trench mouth?
What is the primary source of carbon and energy for spirochetes?
What is the primary source of carbon and energy for spirochetes?
Which microscopy technique is required to visualize spirochetes when they are not visible at optical microscopes?
Which microscopy technique is required to visualize spirochetes when they are not visible at optical microscopes?
What is the distinguishing feature of Leptospira among spirochetes?
What is the distinguishing feature of Leptospira among spirochetes?
What makes spirochetes resistant to rifampicin?
What makes spirochetes resistant to rifampicin?
Which genus of spirochete is associated with relapsing fever and Lyme disease?
Which genus of spirochete is associated with relapsing fever and Lyme disease?
What is the primary source of energy for oral treponemes?
What is the primary source of energy for oral treponemes?
What is a common virulence factor associated with oral treponemes?
What is a common virulence factor associated with oral treponemes?
What is the differential diagnosis for Vincent's infection or trench mouth?
What is the differential diagnosis for Vincent's infection or trench mouth?
What is the causative agent of Vincent's infection or trench mouth?
What is the causative agent of Vincent's infection or trench mouth?
What is the characteristic sign of secondary syphilis caused by Treponema pallidum?
What is the characteristic sign of secondary syphilis caused by Treponema pallidum?
What is the possible manifestation of syphilis in the oral cavity during the tertiary stage?
What is the possible manifestation of syphilis in the oral cavity during the tertiary stage?
Which microscopy technique is required to visualize spirochetes when they are not visible with conventional microscopy?
Which microscopy technique is required to visualize spirochetes when they are not visible with conventional microscopy?
Study Notes
Spirochetes
- Visualization of spirochetes requires dark-field microscopy or specialized microscopy techniques like silver staining or immunofluorescence.
- The feature contributing to the mobility of spirochetes is their endoflagella, which are internal flagella.
- Spirochetes are resistant to rifampicin due to their lack of peptidoglycan in their cell walls.
Genus of Spirochetes
- The genus of spirochete associated with relapsing fever and Lyme disease is Borrelia.
Commensal Treponemes
- Commensal treponemes can be found in environments such as the oral cavity, gut, and genital mucosa.
Pathogenic Treponemes
- A virulence factor associated with pathogenic treponemes is proteolytic activity.
- Treponema pallidum, a pathogenic treponeme, is the causative agent of syphilis.
Anaerobic Bacteria
- Treponema pallidum is a strictly anaerobic bacterium with many nutritional requirements.
Syphilis
- The characteristic sign of secondary syphilis caused by Treponema pallidum is a maculopapular rash.
- The causative agent of syphilis is Treponema pallidum, which is not cultivable in vitro and is not visible with conventional microscopy.
- The primary manifestation of syphilis in the oral cavity is a chancre.
- Possible manifestations of syphilis in the oral cavity during the tertiary stage include gumma, osteomyelitis, and perforation of the hard palate.
Vincent's Infection
- The causative agent of Vincent's infection or trench mouth is Treponema vincentii.
- The predisposing factors for Vincent's infection or trench mouth include poor oral hygiene, malnutrition, and stress.
- The differential diagnosis for Vincent's infection or trench mouth includes acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, herpetic gingivostomatitis, and angular cheilitis.
Spirochete Characteristics
- The source of carbon and energy for spirochetes is glucose and other carbohydrates.
- The primary source of energy for oral treponemes is glucose and other carbohydrates.
- The elements of mobility found in spirochetes are endoflagella.
- The distinguishing feature of Leptospira among spirochetes is their hook-shaped ends.
- The primary source of carbon and energy for spirochetes is glucose and other carbohydrates.
Detection Methods
- The method used to detect antibodies against specific T. pallidum-antigens (Ag) to confirm a positive nontreponemal test is Western blot or TPPA.
- The method used to detect the proteolytic activity of certain oral anaerobes that contribute to oral malodor is a gelatin liquefaction test.
Transmission
- Treponema pallidum is primarily transmitted through sexual contact.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the general features of spirochetes in Microbiology Unit 18. This quiz covers topics such as morphology, locomotion, visibility under microscopes, and host specificity.
