Anaerobic Gram-Positive and Negative Bacilli: Clostridia and Spirochetes

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What is the characteristic feature of Clostridia?

They are anaerobic spore-forming Gram-positive bacilli (correct)
They are fungi-like bacteria
They are obligate aerobes
They are aerobic Gram-negative bacilli

Which of the following Clostridia causes flaccid paralysis?

C. difficile
C. botulinum (correct)
C. tetani
C. perfringens

What is the result of trauma to the region of infection in Actinomycosis?

Formation of sulfur granules
Formation of spores
Production of exotoxins
Pathogenic proliferation of the organisms (correct)

What is the characteristic of the fluid in Actinomycosis diagnosis?

It has a granular texture (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for Actinomycosis?

Penicillin (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Actinomycetes?

They form filamentous branches (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Lactobacillus that helps create an acidic environment in the vagina?

Ability to ferment glucose into lactic acid (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of infection for Bacteroides, Prevotella, Fusobacterium, and Porphyromonas?

Endogenous source through mucosal damage (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Bacteroides, Prevotella, Fusobacterium, and Porphyromonas that can aid in diagnosis?

Unique morphology of Gram negative anaerobic bacilli (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of Lactobacillus in the human body?

Inhibiting growth of many bacterial species (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the common presentation of infections caused by Bacteroides, Prevotella, Fusobacterium, and Porphyromonas?

Foul-smelling discharge and tissue necrosis (D) Signup and view all the answers

How should specimens be collected and transported for isolation of Bacteroides, Prevotella, Fusobacterium, and Porphyromonas?

Under strict anaerobic conditions (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic shape of Treponema pallidum cells?

Slender, spiral filaments with regular coils (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why can Treponema pallidum not be seen by light microscopy?

Because of its high lipid content (A) Signup and view all the answers

How many Treponema pallidum organisms are required to produce infection?

Less than 10 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the lesions that occur in moist intertriginous areas during Secondary Syphilis?

Condylomata (A) Signup and view all the answers

How can Treponema pallidum be transmitted from mother to fetus?

Through the placenta (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic dental feature of Congenital Syphilis?

Hutchinson teeth (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary specimen used for direct smear examination in syphilis diagnosis?

Exudate from chancre (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of microscope is used to examine smears stained with fluorescein-labelled anti-treponemal antibodies?

Fluorescent microscope (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the target of non-treponemal antigen tests in syphilis diagnosis?

Lipid antigens (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which test is used to detect specific antibodies directed against protein constituants of T. pallidum?

Fluorescent T. pallidum antibody absorption (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of treatment and recovery on non-treponemal antigen tests?

Becomes negative (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the drug of choice in the treatment of syphilis?