Metabolism and Energy: Cellular Processes
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary energy currency in cells?

  • ADP
  • ATP (correct)
  • GTP
  • NADH
  • Under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate is converted into which of the following?

  • Glucose
  • Acetyl-CoA
  • Lactate (correct)
  • Oxaloacetate
  • What is the daily ATP requirement for an average human body?

  • 20-30 kg
  • 200-250 kg
  • 50-75 kg (correct)
  • 100-150 kg
  • Which metabolic pathway breaks down glucose into pyruvate?

    <p>Glycolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to excess glucose in the body?

    <p>It is converted into glycogen or triglycerides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ has an absolute requirement for glucose as an energy source?

    <p>Brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of creating glucose from non-carbohydrate sources known as?

    <p>Gluconeogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following conditions describes high blood glucose levels?

    <p>Hyperglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of insulin on glucose in the blood?

    <p>Increases glucose uptake into fat and muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate?

    <p>Hexokinase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process does glucagon primarily stimulate in the liver?

    <p>Gluconeogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does insulin affect glycogen synthesis in the liver?

    <p>Promotes glycogen synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what state is glycogen broken down for energy?

    <p>Fasted state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the regulation of glucose metabolism is correct?

    <p>Glucose metabolism involves key regulatory enzymes that control the flux through metabolic pathways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the release of glucose into the blood?

    <p>Glucagon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is primarily associated with the fed state?

    <p>Insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of regulating enzyme activity via reversible covalent modification in mammals?

    <p>Phosphorylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is associated with turning OFF glycogen synthase activity?

    <p>Glucagon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following enzymes is activated by insulin to promote glycogen synthesis?

    <p>Glycogen Synthase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of phosphorylases in glycogen metabolism?

    <p>To break down glycogen into glucose-1-phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does reciprocal regulation of enzymes function in glucose metabolism?

    <p>It allows for fast switching between glycogen synthesis and breakdown based on blood sugar levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism is NOT a way to regulate mammalian enzymes?

    <p>Increasing enzyme mass without alteration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of glucagon signaling on glucose-1-phosphate levels?

    <p>It stimulates the breakdown of glycogen, raising glucose-1-phosphate levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of kinases in the process of reversible covalent modification?

    <p>To transfer phosphates from ATP to target proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

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