Cellular Metabolism and Respiration Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What are the final products of fermentation by yeast?

  • 2 ATP, Carbon Dioxide, Pyruvic Acid
  • 2 ATP, Glucose, Ethanol
  • 2 ATP, Oxygen, Lactic Acid
  • 2 ATP, Ethanol, Carbon Dioxide (correct)

    • During anaerobic muscle metabolism, pyruvic acid is converted into which compound?

  • Lactic Acid (correct)
  • Glucose
  • Ethanol
  • Acetaldehyde

    • What is the role of lactate in the muscle after being produced?

  • Lactate can only accumulate in muscle without any further role.
  • Lactate is always converted back to glucose immediately.
  • Lactate has no relevance in gluconeogenesis.
  • Lactate can be converted back into pyruvate when oxygen is present. (correct)

    • What does oxygen debt refer to in the context of anaerobic metabolism?

    <p>The amount of oxygen required to convert lactate back to glucose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many ATP are produced per glucose molecule during anaerobic metabolism in muscles?

    <p>2 ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to complex carbohydrates when they are not immediately needed for energy?

    <p>They are stored in the liver or converted to fat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does glycerol enter the metabolic pathway after the digestion of fats?

    <p>PGA stage of glycolysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the process of ketogenesis in the body?

    <p>Lack of a carbohydrate source for fuel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can't Acetyl CoA enter the Krebs Cycle during ketogenesis?

    <p>It builds up due to a lack of carbohydrate sources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible consequence of prolonged ketosis?

    <p>Ketoacidosis, which is harmful.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary energy source in cellular respiration?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the end product of glycolysis?

    <p>2 Pyruvate Molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step of cellular respiration requires oxygen?

    <p>Electron Transport Chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the final products of the Krebs Cycle for one molecule of glucose?

    <p>6 CO2, 8 NADH, 2 FADH2, and 2 ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following compounds acts as the terminal electron acceptor in the Electron Transport Chain?

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

    <p>Anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the process of catabolism?

    <p>Breaking down complex molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many ATP molecules are estimated to be produced from one glucose molecule during aerobic respiration?

    <p>30 – 38</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is produced as a waste product during the Electron Transport Chain?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes occurs in yeast cells?

    <p>Alcoholic fermentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cellular Metabolism

    • Metabolism is the total cellular chemical changes. It has two parts:
      • Anabolism: Building up processes
      • Catabolism: Breaking down processes
    • Calorie: Measures the energy contained in food.
    • ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate): The energy source for cells.

    Cellular Respiration

    • Organic molecules from food are broken down into simpler components.
    • ATP is produced from further breakdown of these organic molecules.
    • Glucose is the primary energy source.
    • Cellular respiration occurs in 3 steps:
      • Glycolysis
      • Pyruvate Oxidation
      • Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
      • Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
    • The overall reaction for cellular respiration is: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

    Glycolysis

    • The first step in glucose breakdown.
    • A beginning point for both aerobic and anaerobic processes.
    • Glucose is broken down into smaller molecules.
    • Final outcome: 2 pyruvate molecules, 2 ATP molecules (anaerobic), and 2 NADH molecules.

    The Krebs/Citric Acid Cycle

    • Starts with pyruvic acid from glycolysis.
    • Pyruvic acid is oxidized into acetyl-CoA.
    • Acetyl-CoA enters the Krebs cycle in the mitochondria.
    • Final outcome: 6 CO2, 8 NADH (2 from pyruvate oxidation), 2 FADH2, and 2 ATP (total 2 pyruvate molecules = 1 glucose molecule).

    Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

    • A series of reduction/oxidation reactions.
    • Requires oxygen (O2).
    • Uses electron carriers.
    • Number of ATP molecules depends on electron carriers.
    • Water is a waste product.
    • Oxygen is the terminal electron acceptor.

    Summary of ATP Production

    • Estimates of ATP production can range from 30-38 per glucose molecule during cellular respiration.

    Anaerobic Respiration

    • Occurs when oxygen is absent.
    • Produces less ATP than aerobic respiration.
    • Fermentation: Occurs in yeast cells, producing CO2, ethanol, and ATP.
    • Anaerobic muscle metabolism: Occurs in muscles when oxygen supply is limited.

    Fermentation

    • Yeast breaks down glucose anaerobically.
    • Pyruvic acid is still produced by glycolysis.
    • Pyruvate is broken down to carbon dioxide and acetaldehyde.
    • Final products: 2 ATP, CO2, and ethanol

    Anaerobic Muscle Metabolism

    • Pyruvate is converted to lactate (lactic acid) when oxygen is low.
    • Lactate is a waste product that can contribute to muscle soreness
    • 2 ATP are produced per glucose molecule

    Lactate and Gluconeogenesis

    • Lactate can be converted back into glucose in the liver (gluconeogenesis).
    • This process is important for replenishing glucose levels in the blood.

    Other Energy Sources

    • Carbohydrates: Broken down into simple sugars (glucose) which can be stored in the liver or converted to fat
    • Fats (Lipids): Digested into fatty acids and glycerol; glycerol enters at PGA stage of glycolysis, fatty acids enter the Krebs Cycle.
    • Proteins: Digested into amino acids; enter Krebs cycle at various stages.

    Ketogenesis

    • Occurs when cells lack a carbohydrate source.
    • Acetyl CoA builds up from fat or amino acid breakdown.
    • The liver converts Acetyl-CoA into ketone bodies.
    • Ketone bodies may be used as fuel by some cells, but prolonged ketosis is harmful.
    • Ketoacidosis: Very harmful condition, prolonged ketosis.

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    Related Documents

    Overview of Cell Metabolism PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on cellular metabolism and respiration! This quiz covers key concepts such as anabolism, catabolism, ATP production, and the various steps involved in cellular respiration including glycolysis and the Krebs cycle. Perfect for students studying biology or life sciences.

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