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Questions and Answers
1 gram is equivalent to 1000 milligrams.
1 gram is equivalent to 1000 milligrams.
True
To convert inches to centimeters, one should multiply by 2.54.
To convert inches to centimeters, one should multiply by 2.54.
True
A child weighing 30 kg would need 45 mL of Paracetamol if the dosage is 15 mg/kg QDS.
A child weighing 30 kg would need 45 mL of Paracetamol if the dosage is 15 mg/kg QDS.
False
The stock of Ranitidine syrup is 15 mg/mL.
The stock of Ranitidine syrup is 15 mg/mL.
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Dispensing calculations do not involve dimensional analysis.
Dispensing calculations do not involve dimensional analysis.
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To find out how many tablets a patient takes daily of Metformin 1 g when stock availability is 500 mg/tablet, 4 tablets are needed.
To find out how many tablets a patient takes daily of Metformin 1 g when stock availability is 500 mg/tablet, 4 tablets are needed.
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Weight-based dosing requires calculating the dose based on the child's weight in order to determine the correct volume of medication.
Weight-based dosing requires calculating the dose based on the child's weight in order to determine the correct volume of medication.
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The total daily dose of Ranitidine syrup for a patient taking 150 mg BD is 300 mg.
The total daily dose of Ranitidine syrup for a patient taking 150 mg BD is 300 mg.
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1 week is equal to 150 hours.
1 week is equal to 150 hours.
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Corticosteroid dispensing is not covered in dispensing calculations.
Corticosteroid dispensing is not covered in dispensing calculations.
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To provide 150 mg of dextrose, 3 mL of D5W is required.
To provide 150 mg of dextrose, 3 mL of D5W is required.
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To prepare a 250 mL solution at 15% (v/v) from an 80% (v/v) stock solution, 30 mL of stock solution is needed.
To prepare a 250 mL solution at 15% (v/v) from an 80% (v/v) stock solution, 30 mL of stock solution is needed.
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The total volume used in the B.M.X formula is 240 mL.
The total volume used in the B.M.X formula is 240 mL.
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The concentration of a 0.5% w/w sulphur ointment can be achieved by adding more yellow soft paraffin to 50g of 2% sulphur ointment.
The concentration of a 0.5% w/w sulphur ointment can be achieved by adding more yellow soft paraffin to 50g of 2% sulphur ointment.
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A hygoglycaemic patient requires the administration of 5g of dextrose in D5W.
A hygoglycaemic patient requires the administration of 5g of dextrose in D5W.
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The formula for B.M.X includes 20 mL of Lidocaine.
The formula for B.M.X includes 20 mL of Lidocaine.
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To calculate the volume of stock solution needed, one simply compares the dilution ratio directly without performing calculations.
To calculate the volume of stock solution needed, one simply compares the dilution ratio directly without performing calculations.
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The calculation for the required amount of Maalox liquid to make 500 mL of BMX results in 229 mL.
The calculation for the required amount of Maalox liquid to make 500 mL of BMX results in 229 mL.
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The dilution of solids requires a liquid component to effectively lower the concentration.
The dilution of solids requires a liquid component to effectively lower the concentration.
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The calculation for finding mL of D5W needed for 150 mg of dextrose is incorrect if the patient is in a hyperglycaemic state.
The calculation for finding mL of D5W needed for 150 mg of dextrose is incorrect if the patient is in a hyperglycaemic state.
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To prepare a 25% salicylic acid ointment from 500g of a 10% ointment, 100g of salicylic acid must be added.
To prepare a 25% salicylic acid ointment from 500g of a 10% ointment, 100g of salicylic acid must be added.
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In a 1-in-400 stock solution, 1 mL is diluted to make a 1-in-2,000 solution.
In a 1-in-400 stock solution, 1 mL is diluted to make a 1-in-2,000 solution.
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An 8% w/v solution of Drug X requires 400 mg of the drug for 5 mL.
An 8% w/v solution of Drug X requires 400 mg of the drug for 5 mL.
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The ratio of Chlorhexidine Gluconate to Cetrimide in a concentrated antiseptic solution is 20:1.
The ratio of Chlorhexidine Gluconate to Cetrimide in a concentrated antiseptic solution is 20:1.
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Adding 5 g of solid to 45 g of base results in a % w/w strength of 10%.
Adding 5 g of solid to 45 g of base results in a % w/w strength of 10%.
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To achieve a 15% salicylic acid ointment from 680g of a 10% ointment, 48g of salicylic acid must be added.
To achieve a 15% salicylic acid ointment from 680g of a 10% ointment, 48g of salicylic acid must be added.
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The total weight of an ointment when preparing a concentrated solution must account for both active and inactive ingredients.
The total weight of an ointment when preparing a concentrated solution must account for both active and inactive ingredients.
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If a 25 mL sachet contains 0.015% w/v Chlorhexidine, it contains 0.00375 g of Cetrimide.
If a 25 mL sachet contains 0.015% w/v Chlorhexidine, it contains 0.00375 g of Cetrimide.
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A 1-in-400 dilution of a stock solution means that 1 part of the stock solution is mixed with 400 parts of the diluent.
A 1-in-400 dilution of a stock solution means that 1 part of the stock solution is mixed with 400 parts of the diluent.
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To prepare a 25% w/w ointment, the amount of API plus excipients must always equal the total weight of the ointment.
To prepare a 25% w/w ointment, the amount of API plus excipients must always equal the total weight of the ointment.
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For a 30 kg child, the recommended dose of Paracetamol is 600 mg per administration.
For a 30 kg child, the recommended dose of Paracetamol is 600 mg per administration.
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A bottle of lactulose lasting for 4 days requires a dosage of 3 x 5 mL spoonfuls three times a day.
A bottle of lactulose lasting for 4 days requires a dosage of 3 x 5 mL spoonfuls three times a day.
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The total amount of codeine required for a 15 kg child is 300 mcg.
The total amount of codeine required for a 15 kg child is 300 mcg.
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To fill a prescription of Prednisolone 40 mg x 5/7, a total of 8 Prednisolone 5 mg tablets must be supplied.
To fill a prescription of Prednisolone 40 mg x 5/7, a total of 8 Prednisolone 5 mg tablets must be supplied.
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The final volume of the Paracetamol suspension administered in each dose is 15 mL.
The final volume of the Paracetamol suspension administered in each dose is 15 mL.
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The amount of Prednisolone tablets decreases by 1 tablet every 5 days until reaching 0.
The amount of Prednisolone tablets decreases by 1 tablet every 5 days until reaching 0.
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A single dose of codeine for a 15 kg child equals 0.6 mL if available as a 5 mg/mL solution.
A single dose of codeine for a 15 kg child equals 0.6 mL if available as a 5 mg/mL solution.
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To maintain the daily dosage of Prednisolone, the total tablets for a 5-day regimen would total 15 tablets.
To maintain the daily dosage of Prednisolone, the total tablets for a 5-day regimen would total 15 tablets.
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A volume of 400 mL of lactulose will last approximately 8.3 days if taken according to its dosage regimen.
A volume of 400 mL of lactulose will last approximately 8.3 days if taken according to its dosage regimen.
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If lactulose is dosed 3 times daily at 5 mL per dose, a total of 15 mL per day is consumed.
If lactulose is dosed 3 times daily at 5 mL per dose, a total of 15 mL per day is consumed.
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Study Notes
Medicine Dispensing
- Interpretation of dosage instructions is crucial for safe medication dispensing
- Calculations are not done by the patient but by the dispenser
- Dosage forms adapt to different age demographics, using forms suitable for children
- When dispensing medicine, always verify correct unit, dose, and frequency
Dispensing Solid Dosage Forms
- Example: Metformin 1 g tab BD (Twice daily)
- Stock: 500 mg tablets
- Calculation: To determine the number of tablets for daily dosage, divide total daily dose by tablet strength:
(1000 mg / 500 mg) * 2 = 4 tablets
Dispensing Liquid Dosage Forms
- Example: Ranitidine syrup 150 mg BD
- Stock: Ranitidine syrup 15 mg/mL
- Calculation: To determine the milliliter volume per dose, divide desired mg dose by concentration: 150mg / 15mg/mL = 10mL. To get the daily total, multiply by frequency: 10 mL * 2 doses = 20 mL
Weight-Based-Dosing
- Example: Paracetamol suspension 15 mg/kg QDS x 5/7 (Four times a day for 5 days)
- Susp available as 200 mg/mL
- Child weight: 30 kg
- Calculation:
- Calculate total daily dose (mg/kg * kg * frequency) = 15 mg/kg * 30 kg * 4 doses = 1800 mg.
- Calculate total dosage for prescribed days (total daily dose * days) = 1800 mg * 5 days = 9000 mg
- Calculate the number of mL needed (total dosage in mg / concentration of suspension in mg/mL) = 9000 mg/ 200 mg/mL = 45 mL
Corticosteroid Dispensing
- Example: Prednisolone 30 mg x 6/7 (For 6 days) Reduce by 5 mg every 6 days until 0.
- Calculation:
- Determine the number of tablets needed for each day's dosage, then add the total: Day 1-6: 6 tablets. Day 7-12: 5 tablets. Day 13-18: 4 tablets. Day 19-24: 3 tablets. Day 25-30: 2 tablets. Day 31-36: 1 tablet
- Sum individual tablet count for all days
- Alternatively: Use the sum of consecutive integers formula n*(n+1)/2, where n is the maximum tablets per day. Multiply by the number of days for the total tablets.
Dimensional Analysis
- Method used to convert units of measurement
- Example:
- 5 inches to centimeters (5 in * 2.54 cm/in = 12.7 cm)
- 1 week to hours (1 wk * 7 d/wk * 24 hr/d = 168 h)
Compounding
- It involves combining different ingredients to create medications
- Currently, prefabricated pharmaceutical forms are more commonly used for compounding
Calculations with Ratios and Proportions
- Example:
- How many milliliters of D5W (5% dextrose) provides 150 mg of dextrose?
- Concentration stays constant
- Calculation: (150 mg * 1 g/1000 mg * 100 mL/ 5 g) = 3 mL
Dilution of Stock Solution (Liquids)
- Example:
- Prepare 250mL of 15% (v/v) solution from a stock of 80% (v/v) solution
- Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient quantity stays constant
- Calculation: (15 * 250) / 80 = 46.875 mL
Following a Formula
- Example:
- B.M.X. formula: Benylin 110 mL, Maalox 110 mL, Lidocaine 2% 20 mL
- Prepare 500 mL of BMX
- Concentration quantity stays constant
- Calculation: (110 mL / 240 mL) * 500 mL = 229 mL (rounded to nearest whole number)
Dilution of Solids
- Example:
- 50 g of 2% sulphur ointment to 0.5% w/w sulphur ointment
- Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient quantity stays constant
- Calculation:
- Calculate the initial amount of sulphur in the ointment: (2/100) * 50 g = 1 g
- Calculate the amount of yellow soft paraffin needed to dilute the ointment to the desired concentration:
- (0.5 g / 100 g) = (1 g) / (1 g + 49 g + X) = 100 / ( 50 + X) = 0.5.
- Solve for X: X = 200 g - 50 g = 150 g
Increasing Concentration
- Example:
- Add salicylic acid to 500g of 10% salicylic acid ointment to create a 25% solution
- Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient quantity stays constant
- Calculation:
- (25 / 100) = (50 + X) / (50 + X + 450). Expand and solve for X.
- 25(50 + X + 450) = 100 (50 + X)
- 1250 + 25X + 11250 = 5000 + 100X
- 7500 = 75X
- X = 100 g
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Description
Test your knowledge on the essential principles of medicine dispensing, including dosage calculations for solid and liquid forms. This quiz covers various scenarios, such as age-appropriate dosing and weight-based dosing methods. Ensure you understand the critical safety measures involved in medication dispensing.
