مبادئ الأعمال - الفصل 2

Introduction to Business Principles for VR

• Course title: Business Principles for VR
• Department: Autonomous Systems
• Faculty: Artificial Intelligence
• Instructor: Hani Hiassat
• Course Chapters: Two

Lecture (1) - Planning (التخطيط)

• Planning is the most important function of management.
• The success of other administrative tasks depends on effective planning.
• Administrative planning is a way of thinking to predict problems and find solutions, using available resources to achieve goals efficiently.
• Key elements of administrative planning include predicting the future, optimal resource utilization, and achieving goals.

Importance of Administrative Planning

• Optimize use of resources, reducing costs and effort.
• Preventing organizational issues.
• Defining and assigning responsibilities.
• Establishing a consistent work methodology.

Administrative Planning Steps

• Preparing the plan (mental process).
• Approving the plan with relevant authorities after identifying alternatives.
• Implementing the plan according to priorities and agreed-upon goals.
• Monitoring and evaluating the plan's implementation and its stages.
• Monitoring the impacts of environmental factors (economic, social, political).

Lecture (2) - Organizing (ال تنظيم)

• Organizing pre-arranges employee efforts through an action plan to achieve previous planning stage goals.
• Elements of organizing include: distributing duties, coordinating efforts, defining employee responsibilities, delegating authority, improving social relationships, cooperation, and participation.
• Elements of administrative organization include job specification, hierarchy, organizational charts, and span of control.

Lecture (3) - Staffing (التوظيف)

• Staffing is equivalent to Human Resource Management.
• It encompasses employee activities, including recruitment, training, and ensuring work stability.
• Staffing includes attracting suitable candidates for advertised jobs.
• Recruitment objectives include achieving human resource efficiency, developing employee skills, addressing employee needs, and ensuring organizational goals.

Lecture (4) - Guiding (التوجيه)

• Guiding involves issuing instructions (general and specific) to employees to achieve organizational goals.
• Guiding means influencing employee activities for goal achievement.
• Key elements in guiding include: a suitable leader, employees prepared to work under the leader, a defined organizational goal, and a context for guidance.

Lecture (5) - Coordinating (التنسيق)

• Coordinating ensures synchronization and harmony in employee work to complete tasks at the appropriate time and volume.
• Coordinating gathers and mobilizes employee efforts towards shared organizational goals.
• Coordinate organizational activities to link subsystems. This means avoiding repetition and overlapping tasks and also avoiding gaps and disputes.

Lecture (6) - Administrative Controlling (الرقابة الادارية)

• Administrative control involves evaluating organizational performance, adjusting operations to improve consistency with planned activities.
• The process of monitoring work implementation and identifying deviations from goals.
• Evaluating performance with quantitative and qualitative data. There are oversight bodies.

Lecture (7) - Budgeting (إعداد الميزانية)

• Budgeting considers financial concerns.
• It involves financial management by a specialized financial manager (often).
• Budgeting involves preparing budgets based on revenue and expenses.

Lecture (8) - Decision Making (اتخاذ القرارات)

• Decision-making is vital to fulfilling previous managerial functions.
• Decision-making is a process where administrators generate various options to solve problems. Appropriate decision-making includes identifying the problem, collecting information, analyzing information, developing alternatives, evaluating choices, selecting alternatives, implementing decisions, and finally monitoring actions and outcomes.

Management Levels

• Senior management: sets general objectives, strategic plans, and procedures at the highest level of the organization.
• Middle management: bridges between senior and lower management levels. Middle managers translate broad goals into detailed programs and tasks;
• Lower management: executes detailed plans, tasks, and programs. These individuals are often the department heads.

Similarities Between Management and Business Management

• Both employ similar scientific principles.
• Both perform the same key managerial functions.
• Both are bound by governmental laws, regulations, and policies.

Differences Between Management and Business Management

• Objectives: Business management prioritizes profit maximization, while public administration does not.
• Services: Business focuses on specific customer groups, whereas public administration serves the community at large.
• Financial Budget: Business operations usually have one source of financing, whereas public entities commonly use diverse funding bodies.

Leadership

• Leadership is the ability to motivate and direct people towards common goals.
• Leadership involves influencing employees to contribute willingly.
• Formal influence is through incentives and penalties, such as reward and punishment.
• Informal influence is through traits and qualities, knowledge, skills, status, financial support, or moral support.

Management Relationship With Leadership

• Not every manager is a leader, but every leader is a manager.
• Leadership skills are important aspects of management.

Leader vs. Manager

• Leader: Focuses on inspiring, motivating, and achieving goals; follows a personalized leadership style based on skills; develops strong social relations with employees; raises morale; encourages creativity; looks for solutions and future predictions.
• Manager: Focuses on performance and productivity using traditional management guidelines; has focus on social relations for productivity and task achievement; employs administrative thinking.

Leadership Skills

• Technical Skills: Knowledge of work, ability to solve problems, and understanding processes.
• Human Skills: The ability to understand, motivate, cooperate with, and feel employee needs.
• Intellectual/Mental Skills: Logical thinking and analysis of issues.
• Personal Skills: Honesty, trustworthiness, love, sincerity, taking initiative, and responsibility.

استكشف أهمية التخطيط الإداري في إدارة الأعمال وكيف يسهم في تحقيق الأهداف بكفاءة. سيتناول الاختبار خطوات التخطيط والعوامل الأساسية لضمان النجاح الإداري. اعرف كيف يمكن تحسين استخدام الموارد وتجنب المشكلات التنظيمية.