Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a recommended treatment for all patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and is associated with a decrease in hospitalizations and risk of death?
Which of the following is a recommended treatment for all patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and is associated with a decrease in hospitalizations and risk of death?
- Aldosterone antagonists (correct)
- ARNIs (Entresto)
- Diuretics
- Digoxin (digitalis)
Which medication blocks the effects of angiotensin II and is recommended for all patients with heart failure to reduce symptoms and disease progression?
Which medication blocks the effects of angiotensin II and is recommended for all patients with heart failure to reduce symptoms and disease progression?
- ACEIs
- Diuretics
- Aldosterone antagonists
- ARNIs (Entresto) (correct)
What is the primary effect of aldosterone antagonists when used in the long term for heart failure?
What is the primary effect of aldosterone antagonists when used in the long term for heart failure?
- Decrease in exercise tolerance
- Reduction in symptoms and mortality (correct)
- Reduction in ejection fraction
- Increase in contractility
For patients with heart failure at NYHA Class II-III, which medication can be utilized to improve ejection fraction in the long term?
For patients with heart failure at NYHA Class II-III, which medication can be utilized to improve ejection fraction in the long term?
What is the primary treatment aim for minimizing the complications of atherosclerosis?
What is the primary treatment aim for minimizing the complications of atherosclerosis?
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for atherosclerosis?
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for atherosclerosis?
Which type of medication is commonly used in the treatment of hypertension and can be combined with diuretics?
Which type of medication is commonly used in the treatment of hypertension and can be combined with diuretics?
What is the primary characteristic of the atherosclerotic lesion based on Hannon & Porth's 2017 figure?
What is the primary characteristic of the atherosclerotic lesion based on Hannon & Porth's 2017 figure?
Which complication is specifically associated with atherosclerosis?
Which complication is specifically associated with atherosclerosis?
In the context of hypertension treatment, what kind of drug is Aldactazide?
In the context of hypertension treatment, what kind of drug is Aldactazide?
Which medication is considered an aldosterone antagonist?
Which medication is considered an aldosterone antagonist?
What is the primary mechanism of action of aldosterone antagonists?
What is the primary mechanism of action of aldosterone antagonists?
Which condition is commonly treated with aldosterone antagonists?
Which condition is commonly treated with aldosterone antagonists?
Which of the following drugs is NOT an aldosterone antagonist?
Which of the following drugs is NOT an aldosterone antagonist?
What is the main effect of aldosterone antagonists on potassium levels in the body?
What is the main effect of aldosterone antagonists on potassium levels in the body?
Which of the following is a potential side effect of aldosterone antagonists?
Which of the following is a potential side effect of aldosterone antagonists?
Which of the following mechanisms is NOT associated with the pathology of complicated hypertension?
Which of the following mechanisms is NOT associated with the pathology of complicated hypertension?
In the context of hypertension, which condition is most commonly treated with aldosterone antagonists?
In the context of hypertension, which condition is most commonly treated with aldosterone antagonists?
Which characteristic blood pressure reading is considered 'elevated' for elderly individuals according to the Hypertension Canada's Guidelines (2022)?
Which characteristic blood pressure reading is considered 'elevated' for elderly individuals according to the Hypertension Canada's Guidelines (2022)?
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for atherosclerosis?
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for atherosclerosis?
Which of the following age groups is commonly associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis?
Which of the following age groups is commonly associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis?
Which of the following is considered a modifiable risk factor for atherosclerosis?
Which of the following is considered a modifiable risk factor for atherosclerosis?
What type of diet is commonly associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis?
What type of diet is commonly associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis?
Which of the following is NOT typically associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis?
Which of the following is NOT typically associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis?
Which of the following conditions is often considered a precursor to atherosclerosis development?
Which of the following conditions is often considered a precursor to atherosclerosis development?
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for atherosclerosis?
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for atherosclerosis?
What is the main effect of endothelial injury on atherosclerosis development?
What is the main effect of endothelial injury on atherosclerosis development?
Which of the following conditions contributes to the hypercoagulability of blood, thereby increasing the risk of atherosclerosis?
Which of the following conditions contributes to the hypercoagulability of blood, thereby increasing the risk of atherosclerosis?
How does thromboembolism contribute to the risk of atherosclerosis?
How does thromboembolism contribute to the risk of atherosclerosis?
Which of the following is a common cause of endothelial injury associated with atherosclerosis?
Which of the following is a common cause of endothelial injury associated with atherosclerosis?
How do varicosities contribute to the risk of atherosclerosis?
How do varicosities contribute to the risk of atherosclerosis?
Which condition is commonly associated with an increased risk of thromboembolism and subsequent atherosclerosis?
Which condition is commonly associated with an increased risk of thromboembolism and subsequent atherosclerosis?
How does hypercoagulability of blood contribute to the development of atherosclerosis?
How does hypercoagulability of blood contribute to the development of atherosclerosis?
What is the primary effect of aortic dissections on the risk of atherosclerosis?
What is the primary effect of aortic dissections on the risk of atherosclerosis?
How do embolisms contribute to the risk of atherosclerosis?
How do embolisms contribute to the risk of atherosclerosis?
Which type of medication is commonly used to address hypercoagulability and reduce the risk of atherosclerosis?
Which type of medication is commonly used to address hypercoagulability and reduce the risk of atherosclerosis?
According to available research, what effect does peripheral artery disease (PAD) have on the risk of developing atherosclerosis?
According to available research, what effect does peripheral artery disease (PAD) have on the risk of developing atherosclerosis?
