Podcast
Questions and Answers
What distinguishes monosaccharides from one another?
What distinguishes monosaccharides from one another?
- The formation of glycosidic linkages
- The presence of additional functional groups
- The number of carbon atoms present (correct)
- Their molecular weight
What term describes two monosaccharides linked together?
What term describes two monosaccharides linked together?
- Oligosaccharides
- Disaccharides (correct)
- Dicarbohydrates
- Polysaccharides
Which of the following accurately describes isomers?
Which of the following accurately describes isomers?
- Molecules that share identical molecular formulas but differ in structure (correct)
- Molecules that cannot undergo condensation reactions
- Molecules with the same structure but different formulas
- Molecules that can only form in liquid states
Which sugar is known to be a pentose?
Which sugar is known to be a pentose?
What is the primary function of starch in the body?
What is the primary function of starch in the body?
What is cellulose primarily composed of?
What is cellulose primarily composed of?
Which of the following substances is a complex carbohydrate?
Which of the following substances is a complex carbohydrate?
Chitin serves which primary function in nature?
Chitin serves which primary function in nature?
What type of reaction is involved in the creation of macromolecules?
What type of reaction is involved in the creation of macromolecules?
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in organisms?
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in organisms?
Which of the following correctly describes the composition of carbohydrates?
Which of the following correctly describes the composition of carbohydrates?
What process is used to break down macromolecules into their subunits?
What process is used to break down macromolecules into their subunits?
Which structure represents a carbohydrate made up of two subunits?
Which structure represents a carbohydrate made up of two subunits?
What functional groups are involved in the condensation reaction of macromolecules?
What functional groups are involved in the condensation reaction of macromolecules?
Which statement about oligiosaccharides is accurate?
Which statement about oligiosaccharides is accurate?
Which macromolecule class functions primarily in information storage?
Which macromolecule class functions primarily in information storage?
Study Notes
Macromolecules
- Large molecules composed of repeating subunits
- Four major classes: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
Condensation Reactions
- Create covalent bond between two subunits
- Involves removal of -H and -OH from functional groups
- Anabolic
Hydrolysis
- Breaks down macromolecules
- Involves addition of water molecule to break a covalent bond
- Reverse of condensation reaction
Carbohydrates
- Most common organic molecule on Earth
- Produced by plants and algae via photosynthesis
- Contain C, H, O in a 1:2:1 ratio
- Used for energy and structural support
Monosaccharides
- Simple carbohydrates
- Contain a single chain of carbon atoms with carbonyl and hydroxyl groups
- Classified by the carbonyl group and number of carbon atoms
Disaccharides
- Two monosaccharides linked together
- Formed by condensation reactions
- Example: Glucose + Fructose = Sucrose
Polysaccharides
- Long chains of monosaccharide subunits held together by glycosidic linkages
- Also known as complex carbohydrates
- Roles in the body:
- Energy (starch, glycogen)
- Structural support (chitin, cellulose)
Cellulose
- Made of hundreds to thousands of glucose units
- Structural component of cell walls
- Most abundant polysaccharide on Earth
Chitin
- Makes up hard exterior of crustaceans and insects
- Second most abundant organic material in nature
- Used in medical applications (e.g., biodegradable stitches, contact lenses)
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of macromolecules, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. This quiz delves into condensation and hydrolysis reactions, and the different types of carbohydrates, such as monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Test your knowledge and understanding of these essential biological compounds!
