Macromolecules and Their Reactions
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Macromolecules and Their Reactions

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Questions and Answers

What distinguishes monosaccharides from one another?

  • The formation of glycosidic linkages
  • The presence of additional functional groups
  • The number of carbon atoms present (correct)
  • Their molecular weight

    • What term describes two monosaccharides linked together?

  • Oligosaccharides
  • Disaccharides (correct)
  • Dicarbohydrates
  • Polysaccharides

    • Which of the following accurately describes isomers?

  • Molecules that share identical molecular formulas but differ in structure (correct)
  • Molecules that cannot undergo condensation reactions
  • Molecules with the same structure but different formulas
  • Molecules that can only form in liquid states

    • Which sugar is known to be a pentose?

    <p>Ribose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of starch in the body?

    <p>To act as an energy reserve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cellulose primarily composed of?

    <p>Glucose units</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances is a complex carbohydrate?

    <p>Glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chitin serves which primary function in nature?

    <p>Structural support in various organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reaction is involved in the creation of macromolecules?

    <p>Condensation Reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of carbohydrates in organisms?

    <p>For energy and structural support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the composition of carbohydrates?

    <p>C, H, O in a 1:2:1 ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process is used to break down macromolecules into their subunits?

    <p>Hydrolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure represents a carbohydrate made up of two subunits?

    <p>Disaccharide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What functional groups are involved in the condensation reaction of macromolecules?

    <p>Hydroxyl and Functional group of one subunit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about oligiosaccharides is accurate?

    <p>They consist of a few subunits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which macromolecule class functions primarily in information storage?

    <p>Nucleic Acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Macromolecules

    • Large molecules composed of repeating subunits
    • Four major classes: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

    Condensation Reactions

    • Create covalent bond between two subunits
    • Involves removal of -H and -OH from functional groups
    • Anabolic

    Hydrolysis

    • Breaks down macromolecules
    • Involves addition of water molecule to break a covalent bond
    • Reverse of condensation reaction

    Carbohydrates

    • Most common organic molecule on Earth
    • Produced by plants and algae via photosynthesis
    • Contain C, H, O in a 1:2:1 ratio
    • Used for energy and structural support

    Monosaccharides

    • Simple carbohydrates
    • Contain a single chain of carbon atoms with carbonyl and hydroxyl groups
    • Classified by the carbonyl group and number of carbon atoms

    Disaccharides

    • Two monosaccharides linked together
    • Formed by condensation reactions
    • Example: Glucose + Fructose = Sucrose

    Polysaccharides

    • Long chains of monosaccharide subunits held together by glycosidic linkages
    • Also known as complex carbohydrates
    • Roles in the body:
      • Energy (starch, glycogen)
      • Structural support (chitin, cellulose)

    Cellulose

    • Made of hundreds to thousands of glucose units
    • Structural component of cell walls
    • Most abundant polysaccharide on Earth

    Chitin

    • Makes up hard exterior of crustaceans and insects
    • Second most abundant organic material in nature
    • Used in medical applications (e.g., biodegradable stitches, contact lenses)

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    Macromolecules (Carbohydrates) PDF

    Description

    Explore the fascinating world of macromolecules, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. This quiz delves into condensation and hydrolysis reactions, and the different types of carbohydrates, such as monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Test your knowledge and understanding of these essential biological compounds!

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