Macromolecules and Their Reactions

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Questions and Answers

What distinguishes monosaccharides from one another?

The formation of glycosidic linkages

The presence of additional functional groups

The number of carbon atoms present (correct)

Their molecular weight

What term describes two monosaccharides linked together?

Oligosaccharides

Disaccharides (correct)

Dicarbohydrates

Polysaccharides

Which of the following accurately describes isomers?

Molecules that share identical molecular formulas but differ in structure (correct)

Molecules that cannot undergo condensation reactions

Molecules with the same structure but different formulas

Molecules that can only form in liquid states

Which sugar is known to be a pentose?

Ribose Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of starch in the body?

To act as an energy reserve Signup and view all the answers

What is cellulose primarily composed of?

Glucose units Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances is a complex carbohydrate?

Glycogen Signup and view all the answers

Chitin serves which primary function in nature?

Structural support in various organisms Signup and view all the answers

What type of reaction is involved in the creation of macromolecules?

Condensation Reaction Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in organisms?

For energy and structural support Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the composition of carbohydrates?

C, H, O in a 1:2:1 ratio Signup and view all the answers

What process is used to break down macromolecules into their subunits?

Hydrolysis Signup and view all the answers

Which structure represents a carbohydrate made up of two subunits?

Disaccharide Signup and view all the answers

What functional groups are involved in the condensation reaction of macromolecules?

Hydroxyl and Functional group of one subunit Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about oligiosaccharides is accurate?

They consist of a few subunits. Signup and view all the answers

Which macromolecule class functions primarily in information storage?

Nucleic Acids Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Macromolecules

Large molecules composed of repeating subunits
Four major classes: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

Condensation Reactions

Create covalent bond between two subunits
Involves removal of -H and -OH from functional groups
Anabolic

Hydrolysis

Breaks down macromolecules
Involves addition of water molecule to break a covalent bond
Reverse of condensation reaction

Carbohydrates

Most common organic molecule on Earth
Produced by plants and algae via photosynthesis
Contain C, H, O in a 1:2:1 ratio
Used for energy and structural support

Monosaccharides

Simple carbohydrates
Contain a single chain of carbon atoms with carbonyl and hydroxyl groups
Classified by the carbonyl group and number of carbon atoms

Disaccharides

Two monosaccharides linked together
Formed by condensation reactions
Example: Glucose + Fructose = Sucrose

Polysaccharides

Long chains of monosaccharide subunits held together by glycosidic linkages
Also known as complex carbohydrates
Roles in the body:
- Energy (starch, glycogen)
- Structural support (chitin, cellulose)

Cellulose

Made of hundreds to thousands of glucose units
Structural component of cell walls
Most abundant polysaccharide on Earth

Chitin

Makes up hard exterior of crustaceans and insects
Second most abundant organic material in nature
Used in medical applications (e.g., biodegradable stitches, contact lenses)

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Description

Explore the fascinating world of macromolecules, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. This quiz delves into condensation and hydrolysis reactions, and the different types of carbohydrates, such as monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Test your knowledge and understanding of these essential biological compounds!